Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by a pattern of unwanted, recurring thoughts and ideas (obsessions) that drive you to do something repetitively (compulsions). These compulsions are time-consuming and can significantly impact daily life. OCD can start at any age, but it commonly begins in the late childhood or young adult years.
Understanding Obsessions and Compulsions in OCD
Obsessions are persistent, intrusive thoughts, urges, or images that cause distress or anxiety. These are not just excessive worries about real-life problems. Common obsessions often include fears of contamination, needing things to be symmetrical or in perfect order, or unwanted aggressive or sexual thoughts.
Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession. The goal of these compulsions is to prevent or reduce anxiety or distress related to obsessions, or to prevent some dreaded event or situation. Common compulsions include excessive cleaning or hand-washing, ordering and arranging things in a particular way, repeatedly checking on things, and compulsive counting.
Symptoms and Impact of OCD
People with OCD may experience obsessions, compulsions, or both. These symptoms can be time-consuming, often taking up more than an hour a day, and cause significant distress or problems in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. It’s also common for individuals with OCD to have co-occurring mental health conditions, such as mood disorders or anxiety disorders.
While there is currently no cure for OCD, effective treatments are available to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. These treatments enable individuals to participate in everyday activities and reduce the impact of OCD on their lives.
Research and Treatment Approaches for OCD
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) actively supports and conducts research to deepen our understanding of OCD. This research spans various areas, including genetics, brain biology, temperament, and the impact of childhood experiences. Studies also focus on both children and adults affected by OCD.
NIMH is dedicated to improving existing OCD treatments, such as psychotherapy, medication, and innovative brain stimulation therapies. Furthermore, research is underway to explore new treatment options, particularly for individuals with treatment-resistant OCD, where symptoms persist despite trying multiple therapies.
Finding Help and Support for OCD
Seeking help is a crucial step for managing OCD. Resources are available to guide you or someone you know in finding appropriate support. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) website offers tools to locate mental health services in your area and find further support.
For immediate crisis support, the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline provides 24/7, free and confidential support for people in distress. You can call or text 988 or chat online at 988lifeline.org. In case of life-threatening emergencies, always call 911.
Additional Resources:
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (MedlinePlus): Comprehensive information and resources on OCD from the National Library of Medicine.
Last Reviewed: February 2025
