Troponin is a type of protein present in muscle tissue, including the heart. It plays a crucial role in muscle contraction. Specifically, cardiac troponin is found in the heart muscle (myocardium). When the heart sustains damage, troponin is released into the bloodstream. This release makes troponin a valuable marker for detecting heart injury.
One of the most common reasons for heart injury and subsequent troponin release is a heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction. A heart attack occurs when there is a blockage in one or more of the coronary arteries, which are responsible for supplying blood to the heart. This blockage deprives the heart muscle of oxygen, leading to damage. However, heart attacks aren’t the only cause of troponin elevation.
When individuals present at a hospital with symptoms such as chest pain or if a heart attack is suspected, healthcare professionals often order a troponin blood test. This test, sometimes referred to as a cardiac enzyme test, measures the level of troponin in the blood. Elevated troponin levels can indicate that damage to the heart has occurred. Doctors monitor these levels to help diagnose and assess the extent of heart injury.
It’s important to note that there isn’t a universal “high” troponin level. Reference ranges can vary between hospitals due to differences in testing equipment and methods. Biological sex can also influence typical troponin levels. Furthermore, conditions other than heart attack, such as heart failure, myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle), and even heart surgery, can also cause troponin levels to rise. To improve diagnostic accuracy, especially for women who may present with atypical heart attack symptoms, newer, more sensitive troponin tests have been developed to detect even lower levels of troponin in the blood.
If you have concerns about your troponin levels or heart health, it is essential to discuss these with your doctor or medical team for personalized advice and appropriate management.
Meet the expert
Ruth Goss is a Senior Cardiac Nurse at the British Heart Foundation.
