Close-up of hands peeling a red apple with a paring knife, showcasing precise knife work.
Close-up of hands peeling a red apple with a paring knife, showcasing precise knife work.

What Is A Paring Knife Used For? Your Kitchen Guide

A paring knife is used for detailed cutting work, such as peeling fruits and vegetables or removing seeds, and WHAT.EDU.VN is here to help you understand its versatility. This small but mighty tool is essential for any cook. Explore the uses and benefits of this versatile tool, along with related terms like “kitchen knives” and “culinary tools”.

1. What Is a Paring Knife?

A paring knife is a small knife, typically with a blade length of 2.5 to 4 inches, designed for intricate cutting tasks. It’s essentially a miniature version of a chef’s knife, offering greater control and precision for smaller ingredients.

2. What Is A Paring Knife Used For Specifically?

Paring knives are incredibly versatile. Here are several ways you can use a paring knife:

  • Peeling fruits and vegetables
  • Coring apples and pears
  • Deveining shrimp
  • Hulling strawberries
  • Mincing garlic and shallots
  • Creating decorative cuts
  • Trimming fat from meat

3. Coring: How Can a Paring Knife Remove Cores Effectively?

Coring involves removing seeds or tough centers from fruits and vegetables. A paring knife excels at this task.

  • Apples: To core an apple, insert the knife around the core at an angle and rotate the apple until the core is separated. Then, pop the core out.
  • Pears: Similar to apples, carefully cut around the core to remove it efficiently.
  • Bell Peppers: Cut around the stem and pull it out, removing the seeds and membranes with the knife.

4. Deveining: What’s the Best Way to Devein Shrimp with a Paring Knife?

Deveining shrimp involves removing the dark vein running along its back.

  • Make a shallow cut along the back of the shrimp to expose the vein.
  • Use the tip of the paring knife to lift and pull out the vein.
  • Rinse the shrimp under cold water.

5. Hulling: How Does a Paring Knife Make Hulling Strawberries Easier?

Hulling strawberries means removing the green leafy top.

  • Hold the strawberry in one hand and the paring knife in the other.
  • Insert the tip of the knife just under the green top and rotate to remove the hull.
  • Avoid removing too much of the strawberry flesh.

6. Peeling: What Fruits and Vegetables Are Easiest to Peel with a Paring Knife?

A paring knife provides excellent control when peeling.

  • Apples and Pears: Peel thinly to preserve the fruit’s flesh.
  • Potatoes: Remove the skin efficiently, especially around the eyes.
  • Ginger: Scrape away the skin, minimizing waste.

7. Mincing and Dicing: Can a Paring Knife Handle Small Chopping Tasks?

While a chef’s knife is better for large quantities, a paring knife is perfect for small mincing and dicing tasks.

  • Garlic: Finely mince garlic cloves with precision.
  • Shallots: Dice shallots for sauces and dressings.
  • Herbs: Chop herbs like parsley and cilantro with ease.

8. Scoring: How Can a Paring Knife Be Used for Scoring Food?

Scoring involves making shallow cuts on the surface of food.

  • Bread: Score bread dough to control expansion during baking.
  • Meat: Score meat to help marinades penetrate and to render fat.
  • Vegetables: Score vegetables to improve cooking and flavor absorption.

9. Trimming: What Types of Trimming Are Best Suited for a Paring Knife?

Paring knives are ideal for precise trimming tasks.

  • Meat: Trim excess fat from steaks and poultry.
  • Vegetables: Remove blemishes or unwanted parts from vegetables.
  • Fruit: Trim damaged areas from fruits.

10. Segmenting: What Is the Process for Segmenting Citrus with a Paring Knife?

Segmenting citrus involves removing the individual segments without the membrane.

  • Cut off the top and bottom of the citrus fruit.
  • Remove the peel and pith.
  • Cut along the membrane of each segment to release it.

11. Is a Paring Knife Essential for Every Kitchen?

Yes, a paring knife is an essential tool for any kitchen. Its versatility and precision make it indispensable for a wide range of tasks that a larger knife cannot handle as efficiently.

12. What Are the Key Features to Look for in a Good Paring Knife?

When selecting a paring knife, consider the following features:

  • Blade Material: High-carbon stainless steel is durable and maintains a sharp edge.
  • Handle Material: Ergonomic handles made of wood, plastic, or composite materials provide a comfortable grip.
  • Tang: A full tang, where the blade extends through the entire handle, offers better balance and durability.
  • Blade Length: A blade length of 3 to 4 inches is ideal for most tasks.

13. How Does the Size of a Paring Knife Affect Its Use?

The small size of a paring knife allows for greater control and precision, making it perfect for intricate tasks like peeling, trimming, and coring. It’s less cumbersome than a larger knife, especially when working with smaller ingredients.

14. What Are the Different Types of Paring Knives Available?

There are several types of paring knives, each designed for specific tasks:

  • Straight-Edge Paring Knife: The most common type, ideal for general peeling and trimming.
  • Curved Paring Knife (Bird’s Beak): Features a curved blade for decorative cuts and precise peeling.
  • Serrated Paring Knife: Has a serrated edge for cutting through tough skins like tomatoes.

15. How Does a Straight-Edge Paring Knife Differ from a Curved Paring Knife?

A straight-edge paring knife is versatile for general tasks, while a curved paring knife excels at detailed work like creating decorative garnishes and peeling round fruits and vegetables.

16. What Materials Are Commonly Used for Paring Knife Blades?

Common blade materials include:

  • Stainless Steel: Rust-resistant and easy to maintain.
  • High-Carbon Stainless Steel: Offers excellent edge retention and durability.
  • Carbon Steel: Extremely sharp but requires more maintenance to prevent rust.

17. What Are the Advantages of High-Carbon Stainless Steel Blades?

High-carbon stainless steel blades provide a balance of sharpness, durability, and corrosion resistance, making them a popular choice for paring knives.

18. How Important Is the Handle Material of a Paring Knife?

The handle material is crucial for comfort and grip. Common materials include:

  • Wood: Provides a classic look and comfortable feel but requires more maintenance.
  • Plastic: Durable, lightweight, and easy to clean.
  • Composite Materials: Offer a combination of durability and comfort.

19. What Handle Features Should I Look for to Ensure a Good Grip?

Look for handles with ergonomic designs, non-slip surfaces, and a comfortable shape to ensure a secure and comfortable grip.

20. What Is a Full Tang, and Why Is It Important in a Paring Knife?

A full tang means the blade extends through the entire length of the handle. This provides better balance, stability, and durability, reducing the risk of the blade breaking off from the handle.

21. How Does a Full Tang Affect the Balance and Durability of a Paring Knife?

A full tang evenly distributes the weight of the knife, providing better balance. It also strengthens the knife, making it more durable and less likely to break under pressure.

22. How Do I Properly Hold a Paring Knife for Different Tasks?

The grip depends on the task:

  • Peeling: Hold the knife close to the blade with your thumb guiding the peeling motion.
  • Dicing: Use a pinch grip with your thumb and index finger on the blade for control.
  • Coring: Grip the handle firmly and use a controlled motion to remove the core.

23. What Are Some Safety Tips for Using a Paring Knife?

  • Always cut away from your body.
  • Keep your fingers out of the path of the blade.
  • Use a cutting board to protect your work surface.
  • Store the knife safely in a knife block or sheath.

24. How Often Should I Sharpen My Paring Knife?

Sharpen your paring knife every few weeks, depending on usage. A dull knife is more dangerous than a sharp one because it requires more force to cut, increasing the risk of slipping.

25. What Is the Best Way to Sharpen a Paring Knife?

Use a whetstone, honing steel, or knife sharpener to maintain the blade’s edge. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the best results.

26. How Do I Clean and Store My Paring Knife to Maintain Its Quality?

  • Wash the knife with warm, soapy water after each use.
  • Dry it thoroughly before storing.
  • Store it in a knife block, sheath, or magnetic strip to protect the blade and prevent accidents.

27. Can a Paring Knife Be Used on a Cutting Board, or Should It Only Be Used in Hand?

A paring knife can be used on a cutting board for tasks like dicing and mincing. Using a cutting board protects your countertop and provides a stable surface for cutting.

28. What Type of Cutting Board Is Best to Use with a Paring Knife?

Wooden or plastic cutting boards are best. Avoid glass or ceramic cutting boards, as they can dull the knife’s blade.

29. Are There Any Tasks for Which a Paring Knife Is Not Suitable?

A paring knife is not suitable for heavy-duty tasks like cutting through bones or carving large roasts. These tasks require larger, more robust knives.

30. How Does the Cost of a Paring Knife Relate to Its Quality?

Generally, higher-priced paring knives are made with better materials and construction, resulting in better performance and durability. However, there are also affordable options that offer good quality for the price.

31. What Are Some Common Mistakes People Make When Using a Paring Knife?

  • Using too much force.
  • Cutting towards themselves.
  • Not using a cutting board.
  • Failing to keep the knife sharp.

32. How Can I Improve My Paring Knife Skills?

Practice proper knife handling techniques, watch instructional videos, and focus on precision and control. The more you use your paring knife, the better you will become at using it.

33. How Does Using a Paring Knife Help with Food Presentation?

Paring knives allow for intricate cuts and precise peeling, enhancing the visual appeal of your dishes. Decorative cuts and neatly peeled fruits and vegetables can elevate your food presentation.

34. What Are Some Creative Ways to Use a Paring Knife in Food Art?

  • Creating vegetable ribbons for salads.
  • Carving intricate designs into fruits and vegetables.
  • Making decorative garnishes.

35. Can a Paring Knife Be Used for Whittling or Wood Carving?

While a paring knife can be used for small whittling tasks, it is not designed for heavy wood carving. Specialized carving knives are better suited for this purpose.

36. How Does a Paring Knife Compare to Other Types of Kitchen Knives?

  • Chef’s Knife: Larger and more versatile for general chopping and slicing.
  • Utility Knife: Slightly larger than a paring knife, suitable for a variety of tasks.
  • Serrated Knife: Used for cutting bread and tomatoes.

37. When Should I Choose a Paring Knife Over a Utility Knife?

Choose a paring knife for small, detailed tasks that require precision and control. Use a utility knife for larger tasks that are too small for a chef’s knife but too large for a paring knife.

38. What Are Some Alternative Tools That Can Be Used Instead of a Paring Knife?

  • Vegetable Peeler: For peeling fruits and vegetables.
  • Apple Corer: For removing apple cores quickly.
  • Kitchen Shears: For trimming herbs and vegetables.

39. How Does the Ergonomics of a Paring Knife Affect Its Usability?

A well-designed ergonomic handle reduces hand fatigue and provides a comfortable, secure grip, making the knife easier and safer to use for extended periods.

40. What Are Some Tips for Maintaining the Ergonomic Features of My Paring Knife?

  • Clean the handle regularly to prevent buildup.
  • Avoid exposing the handle to extreme temperatures or harsh chemicals.
  • Store the knife properly to prevent damage to the handle.

41. How Can a Paring Knife Be Used in a Professional Kitchen Setting?

In a professional kitchen, paring knives are used for a wide range of tasks, including:

  • Preparing garnishes.
  • Peeling and trimming ingredients.
  • Creating decorative cuts.
  • Deveining shrimp.

42. What Are Some Specialized Paring Knife Techniques Used by Chefs?

  • Tournéing: Shaping vegetables into uniform, barrel-like shapes.
  • Brunoise: Dicing vegetables into very small, uniform cubes.
  • Chiffonade: Rolling and slicing leafy herbs into thin ribbons.

43. How Does a Paring Knife Contribute to the Efficiency of Food Preparation?

By providing precision and control, a paring knife allows for faster and more efficient completion of detailed tasks, saving time and reducing food waste.

44. What Are Some Common Paring Knife Brands Recommended by Culinary Experts?

Some popular brands include:

  • Wüsthof
  • Victorinox
  • Shun
  • Global

45. How Do Different Brands of Paring Knives Vary in Quality and Performance?

Different brands vary in blade material, handle design, and overall construction, which affects their sharpness, durability, and comfort. Researching and reading reviews can help you choose the best brand for your needs.

46. What Are Some Budget-Friendly Paring Knife Options That Still Offer Good Quality?

  • Victorinox Fibrox Paring Knife
  • Mercer Culinary Genesis Paring Knife
  • Update International KP-325 Paring Knife

47. How Can I Assess the Quality of a Paring Knife Before Purchasing It?

  • Check the blade material and handle construction.
  • Look for a full tang.
  • Read reviews and compare prices.
  • Consider the brand’s reputation.

48. What Are Some Common Misconceptions About Using a Paring Knife?

  • That it’s only for peeling.
  • That it’s not as important as a chef’s knife.
  • That any small knife can be used as a paring knife.

49. How Can I Debunk These Misconceptions and Educate Others on the Proper Use of a Paring Knife?

Share information on the versatility of the paring knife, demonstrate its proper use, and highlight its importance in a well-equipped kitchen.

50. How Does the Cultural Background of Cuisine Influence the Use of Paring Knives?

Different cuisines utilize paring knives in unique ways, depending on the specific ingredients and preparation techniques. For example, Japanese cuisine often uses paring knives for intricate vegetable carvings.

51. What Are Some Unique Culinary Traditions That Utilize Paring Knives Extensively?

  • Japanese vegetable carving (Mukimono)
  • French cuisine’s emphasis on precise cuts and garnishes
  • Southeast Asian cuisine’s use of paring knives for preparing intricate dishes

52. How Can I Explore and Appreciate the Diverse Uses of Paring Knives in Different Cuisines?

Take cooking classes, read cookbooks from different cultures, and experiment with new recipes to discover the diverse uses of paring knives.

53. How Does the Design of a Paring Knife Reflect Its Intended Use?

The small size and precise blade design of a paring knife reflect its intended use for detailed tasks requiring control and accuracy.

54. What Are Some Innovative Designs and Features Found in Modern Paring Knives?

  • Ergonomic handles with non-slip grips.
  • Blades with special coatings to prevent food from sticking.
  • Paring knives with built-in sharpeners.

55. How Can I Stay Updated on the Latest Innovations in Paring Knife Technology?

Follow culinary blogs, read product reviews, and attend cooking shows to stay informed about the latest innovations in paring knife technology.

56. How Does a Paring Knife Contribute to Sustainable Cooking Practices?

By allowing for precise trimming and peeling, a paring knife helps reduce food waste, contributing to more sustainable cooking practices.

57. What Are Some Eco-Friendly Paring Knife Options Available?

  • Paring knives with handles made from recycled materials.
  • Paring knives with sustainably sourced wood handles.
  • Paring knives that are designed for durability and longevity.

58. How Can I Incorporate Sustainable Practices When Using and Maintaining My Paring Knife?

  • Use the paring knife to trim and peel ingredients carefully to minimize waste.
  • Sharpen the knife regularly to extend its lifespan.
  • Clean the knife with eco-friendly cleaning products.

59. What Are the Ethical Considerations Involved in the Production and Distribution of Paring Knives?

Ethical considerations include fair labor practices, sustainable sourcing of materials, and responsible manufacturing processes.

60. How Can I Support Companies That Prioritize Ethical Practices in the Paring Knife Industry?

Research companies and look for certifications that indicate a commitment to ethical practices, such as Fair Trade or B Corp certification.

61. How Can I Advocate for More Ethical and Sustainable Practices in the Paring Knife Industry?

Support companies that prioritize ethical practices, write reviews, and share information with others to raise awareness and promote change.

62. What Is the Role of a Paring Knife in Culinary Education?

Paring knives are essential tools in culinary education, teaching students the importance of precision, control, and proper knife handling techniques.

63. How Are Paring Knives Used in Culinary Schools to Teach Knife Skills?

Culinary schools use paring knives to teach basic knife cuts, peeling techniques, and decorative garnishing, providing students with a foundation for more advanced culinary skills.

64. How Can I Use a Paring Knife to Practice and Improve My Own Culinary Skills at Home?

Start with simple tasks like peeling and dicing, then gradually move on to more complex techniques like tournéing and creating decorative cuts. Practice regularly to improve your skills.

65. What Are Some Common Questions People Ask About Paring Knives?

Here are some frequently asked questions:

Question Answer
What is the best size for a paring knife? A blade length of 3 to 4 inches is generally ideal.
How do I sharpen a paring knife? Use a whetstone, honing steel, or knife sharpener.
What is a full tang? A full tang means the blade extends through the entire length of the handle, providing better balance and durability.
Can I use a paring knife for cutting meat? Yes, but it’s best for trimming fat and tendons, not for cutting through bones or large pieces of meat.
How do I clean a paring knife? Wash with warm, soapy water and dry thoroughly.
What are the best brands of paring knives? Wüsthof, Victorinox, Shun, and Global are popular choices.
What is the difference between a straight and curved paring knife? A straight paring knife is versatile, while a curved paring knife is best for decorative cuts and peeling round fruits.
How often should I replace my paring knife? With proper care, a high-quality paring knife can last for many years. Replace it when it becomes difficult to sharpen or the handle is damaged.
Can a paring knife be used on any cutting board? No, avoid glass or ceramic cutting boards, as they can dull the blade. Use wooden or plastic cutting boards instead.
Is a paring knife a necessary tool in the kitchen? Yes, it is essential for precise tasks such as peeling, trimming, and coring.

66. Where Can I Find Reliable Information About Paring Knives?

  • Culinary blogs and websites
  • Cookbooks and cooking magazines
  • Product reviews and comparisons
  • Culinary schools and experts

67. How Can I Stay Informed About the Latest Trends and Innovations in the Paring Knife World?

Follow culinary influencers, attend cooking shows, and subscribe to industry newsletters to stay up-to-date on the latest trends and innovations.

68. How Does the Availability of Information Online Impact the Way People Use and Shop for Paring Knives?

The wealth of information available online empowers consumers to make informed decisions, compare products, and learn new techniques for using paring knives.

69. What Are Some Common Myths About Paring Knives That Are Perpetuated Online?

  • That all paring knives are the same.
  • That expensive paring knives are always better.
  • That paring knives don’t require sharpening.

70. How Can I Help Combat Misinformation and Promote Accurate Information About Paring Knives Online?

Share accurate information, write reviews, and engage in discussions to help debunk myths and promote informed decision-making.

71. How Can I Use a Paring Knife to Create Healthy and Nutritious Meals?

Paring knives make it easier to prepare fresh fruits and vegetables, which are essential components of a healthy diet.

72. What Are Some Specific Recipes That Highlight the Versatility of a Paring Knife in Healthy Cooking?

  • Cucumber and avocado salad with thinly sliced vegetables.
  • Fruit salad with neatly peeled and segmented fruits.
  • Roasted vegetables with precisely trimmed and diced ingredients.

73. How Can I Encourage Others to Incorporate More Fresh Produce into Their Diets Using a Paring Knife?

Share recipes, demonstrate knife skills, and highlight the health benefits of fresh fruits and vegetables to encourage others to adopt healthier eating habits.

74. How Does the Use of a Paring Knife Contribute to Food Safety?

Properly cleaned and maintained paring knives help prevent cross-contamination and ensure that food is prepared safely.

75. What Are Some Important Food Safety Practices to Keep in Mind When Using a Paring Knife?

  • Wash the knife thoroughly after each use.
  • Use separate cutting boards for raw and cooked foods.
  • Store the knife properly to prevent contamination.

76. How Can I Educate Others on the Importance of Food Safety When Using a Paring Knife?

Share information on proper cleaning and handling techniques, and emphasize the importance of preventing cross-contamination to ensure food safety.

77. How Does the Proper Care and Maintenance of a Paring Knife Affect Its Longevity?

Regular sharpening, cleaning, and proper storage can significantly extend the lifespan of a paring knife.

78. What Are Some Common Signs That It’s Time to Replace My Paring Knife?

  • The blade is difficult to sharpen.
  • The handle is damaged or loose.
  • The knife is no longer performing as well as it used to.

79. How Can I Dispose of My Old Paring Knife Safely and Responsibly?

Wrap the blade in cardboard or newspaper and secure it with tape before disposing of it in the trash. Alternatively, you can take it to a metal recycling center.

80. What Are Some Advanced Techniques That Can Be Performed with a Paring Knife?

  • Creating intricate vegetable carvings.
  • Tournéing vegetables into uniform shapes.
  • Performing advanced peeling and trimming techniques.

81. How Can I Learn These Advanced Techniques and Expand My Paring Knife Skills?

Take advanced cooking classes, watch instructional videos, and practice regularly to develop your skills.

82. What Resources Are Available for Furthering My Knowledge and Expertise with Paring Knives?

  • Culinary schools and workshops
  • Cookbooks and cooking magazines
  • Online forums and communities

83. How Does the Art of Vegetable Carving Utilize Paring Knives?

Vegetable carving involves using paring knives to create intricate designs and shapes from fruits and vegetables, transforming them into works of art.

84. What Are Some Cultural Traditions That Incorporate Vegetable Carving?

  • Japanese Mukimono
  • Thai fruit carving
  • Chinese vegetable carving

85. How Can I Learn to Create My Own Vegetable Carvings Using a Paring Knife?

Start with simple designs and gradually progress to more complex patterns. Practice regularly and seek guidance from experienced carvers.

86. What Is the Importance of Precision and Control When Using a Paring Knife for Delicate Tasks?

Precision and control are essential for achieving the desired results when performing delicate tasks such as peeling, trimming, and creating decorative cuts.

87. How Can I Develop Greater Precision and Control with My Paring Knife?

Practice proper knife handling techniques, focus on controlled movements, and use a sharp knife to achieve greater precision.

88. What Are Some Exercises I Can Do to Improve My Fine Motor Skills and Dexterity for Paring Knife Work?

  • Practice drawing and writing with a pen or pencil.
  • Use hand exercisers to strengthen your grip.
  • Practice peeling and dicing small vegetables with a paring knife.

89. How Does the Quality of a Paring Knife Affect Its Performance in Precise Tasks?

A high-quality paring knife with a sharp blade and comfortable handle will perform better in precise tasks, allowing for greater control and accuracy.

90. What Are Some Common Mistakes People Make That Hinder Their Precision with a Paring Knife?

  • Using a dull knife.
  • Applying too much pressure.
  • Rushing the task.
  • Not using a proper grip.

91. How Can I Avoid These Mistakes and Improve My Precision with a Paring Knife?

Keep your knife sharp, use a light touch, take your time, and practice proper knife handling techniques.

92. How Can I Use a Paring Knife to Enhance the Flavor of My Dishes?

By carefully trimming and peeling ingredients, you can remove unwanted parts and enhance the flavor of your dishes.

93. What Are Some Specific Techniques That Can Be Used to Maximize Flavor with a Paring Knife?

  • Peeling citrus fruits to remove the bitter pith.
  • Trimming vegetables to remove tough or fibrous parts.
  • Creating decorative cuts to increase surface area and enhance flavor absorption.

94. How Does the Way I Prepare Ingredients with a Paring Knife Affect the Overall Taste of My Meals?

The way you prepare ingredients affects their texture, appearance, and flavor, all of which contribute to the overall taste of your meals.

95. How Can I Experiment with Different Paring Knife Techniques to Discover New and Exciting Flavors?

Try different peeling and trimming techniques, experiment with decorative cuts, and explore new recipes to discover new and exciting flavors.

96. What Is the History and Evolution of the Paring Knife?

Paring knives have been used for centuries, evolving from simple tools to the sophisticated knives we use today.

97. How Have Paring Knives Changed Over Time in Terms of Design and Materials?

Paring knives have evolved in terms of blade materials, handle designs, and overall construction, becoming more durable, ergonomic, and efficient.

98. How Has the Use of Paring Knives Influenced Culinary Practices Throughout History?

Paring knives have played a crucial role in culinary practices, allowing for more precise and efficient food preparation, leading to the development of new dishes and techniques.

99. What Are Some Interesting Historical Facts or Anecdotes About Paring Knives?

Research the history of paring knives and discover interesting facts and anecdotes about their use throughout history.

100. How Can I Share My Knowledge and Appreciation of Paring Knives with Others?

Share recipes, demonstrate knife skills, and write reviews to promote the versatility and importance of paring knives in the kitchen.

Remember, if you ever find yourself with more questions than answers, WHAT.EDU.VN is here to provide fast, free answers. Our community of experts is ready to help you with any topic you can imagine.

Are you struggling to find reliable answers to your questions? Do you need expert advice without the hefty price tag? Look no further than WHAT.EDU.VN. Our platform offers a free and easy way to ask any question and receive quick, accurate answers from knowledgeable individuals. Say goodbye to endless searching and costly consultations. Join WHAT.EDU.VN today and experience the convenience of having a world of knowledge at your fingertips. Visit us at 888 Question City Plaza, Seattle, WA 98101, United States, or reach out via Whatsapp at +1 (206) 555-7890. Start asking and learning at what.edu.vn today! “Kitchen utensils,” “food preparation,” and “knife skills” are just a few clicks away.

Comments

No comments yet. Why don’t you start the discussion?

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *