The navel, also known as the belly button, is the scar left after the umbilical cord is cut at birth. At WHAT.EDU.VN, we’ll explore the anatomy, function, and interesting facts about this unique part of the human body. Dive in to understand more about the belly button, umbilical cord remnant, and abdominal landmark.
Table of Contents
- What Is A Navel and How Is It Formed?
- What Is the Purpose of A Belly Button After Birth?
- Why Is the Belly Button Important Even Without a Functional Role?
- Is the Belly Button Connected to Anything in Adults?
- What Organ Is Directly Behind the Belly Button?
- What Causes the Black Stuff in My Belly Button?
- Why Does My Belly Button Hurt? Potential Causes and Solutions
- What Are the Different Types of Belly Buttons: Innies vs. Outies?
- What Are the Risks of Piercing a Belly Button?
- What Should I Do if My Belly Button Smells Bad?
- What Does an Infected Belly Button Look Like?
- What Is an Umbilical Hernia and How Does It Relate to the Navel?
- How Can I Keep My Belly Button Clean and Healthy?
- Can Belly Button Shape Change Over Time?
- Are There Any Cultural or Social Significance Attached to the Navel?
- What Are the Common Myths and Misconceptions About the Navel?
- What Are the Latest Research and Discoveries Related to the Belly Button?
- How Does Pregnancy Affect the Belly Button?
- What Are the Surgical Procedures That Involve the Navel?
- How to deal with questions about the belly button asked by children?
1. What Is A Navel and How Is It Formed?
A navel, commonly known as a belly button, is the residual scar on the abdomen marking the site where the umbilical cord was connected to the fetus during gestation. The umbilical cord is a vital conduit that supplies nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the developing baby. Once a baby is delivered, the umbilical cord is cut, and a small stump remains attached to the baby’s abdomen. Over the next one to three weeks, this stump dries out, shrivels, and eventually falls off. The healing process results in the formation of the navel. The navel is essentially a scar composed of collagen and fibrous tissue.
The appearance of a navel varies from person to person. Some individuals have “innies,” where the navel is concave or indented, while others have “outies,” where the navel protrudes outward. The shape and appearance of the navel are largely determined by how the umbilical cord stump heals and the amount of scar tissue that forms. Genetics and individual healing processes also play a role in determining the final look of the navel.
Newborn’s belly button showing the remaining umbilical cord stump which will eventually dry up and fall off, leaving a navel.
The formation of the navel is a natural and necessary part of human development. Without the umbilical cord, a fetus cannot receive the nourishment it needs to grow and thrive in the womb. After birth, the navel serves no physiological purpose but remains as a visible reminder of the vital connection between mother and child during pregnancy.
2. What Is the Purpose of A Belly Button After Birth?
After birth, the belly button serves no physiological purpose. It is simply a scar and remnant tissue of the umbilical cord. The umbilical cord acts as the nutritional and waste disposal route between the mother’s placenta and the unborn baby. After birth, the cord is severed and clamped, and the remaining stump shrivels and falls off, generally within 4 weeks, leaving a navel behind. The belly button then remains as a visible reminder of our connection to our mothers.
Close-up of a healed belly button, the remaining scar tissue after the umbilical cord is removed.
While the belly button has no active function after birth, it can serve as a useful anatomical landmark. Physicians use it to divide the abdomen into quadrants for examination and diagnostic purposes. Additionally, the belly button can sometimes be utilized as an entry point for certain medical procedures, such as laparoscopy, to minimize scarring.
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3. Why Is the Belly Button Important Even Without a Functional Role?
Even though the belly button has no functional role, it does have some points of importance after birth. Firstly, it can be a useful point of entry for certain medical procedures. The umbilical cord stump may be used as a route if transfusions are required in a newborn, instead of a painful poke into a tiny infant’s vein. In later life, it can be used as one of the entry points for laparoscopy to minimize surgical scars.
Adult belly button marking the center point of the abdomen and the intersection of abdominal quadrants.
Belly button abnormalities may serve as an indicator for abdominal or pregnancy problems. The navel also plays an aesthetic role for some. Although some people may find it distasteful, others find it sexually attractive, and some pierce their belly button and adorn it with jewelry.
4. Is the Belly Button Connected to Anything in Adults?
In adults, the belly button is essentially a surface scar on the skin tissue and is not attached to any organ beneath. It is attached to the tissue known as fascia beneath, just like the rest of our skin. The abdominal muscles and fat tissue are beneath the skin, and under these, there is another layer of membrane known as peritoneum that covers the internal organs.
After a baby is born and starts breathing, the blood flow mechanism changes. Blood flow through the umbilical veins and arteries dries up. The blood vessels closest to the navel degenerate and become part of the stomach wall, and the interior parts become integrated with the body’s circulatory system.
Illustration of abdominal structure, showing internal organs and their relationship to the belly button.
The navel is primarily connected to the linea alba, a fibrous structure that runs down the midline of the abdomen. This connection explains why some people experience discomfort or sensitivity in the belly button area when engaging in core exercises or activities that strain the abdominal muscles.
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5. What Organ Is Directly Behind the Belly Button?
The intestines are the internal organs that lie directly behind the navel. The abdominal organs have a protective fat layer called the omentum draped over them. The abdominal cavity is covered by peritoneum, with the muscles, fascia, fat, and subcutaneous tissue forming the other layers beneath the skin.
The exact position of the intestines behind the belly button can vary depending on individual anatomy and the contents of the digestive system at any given time. However, the small intestine is typically the closest organ to the navel.
Diagram showing the small intestine positioned near the belly button within the abdominal cavity.
6. What Causes the Black Stuff in My Belly Button?
If you have something in your belly button that looks black or dark brown, it is likely to be lint or fuzz, but could also be navel stones. Medically known as omphaloliths, navel stones may form from dead skin, sebum, hair, and other stuff in the navel, and become dry and hard to touch. These can be usually removed with tweezers.
Cleaning your navel regularly can prevent accumulation of debris which can become navel stones. Using a cotton swab dipped in warm water or mild soap, gently clean the inside of your belly button. Rinse with clean water and dry thoroughly.
Close-up of a belly button showing accumulation of dark lint.
7. Why Does My Belly Button Hurt? Potential Causes and Solutions
Belly buttons can hurt because of an infection, cyst, or an umbilical hernia. Some women complain of unexplained belly button pain during pregnancy, which usually gets better later in pregnancy. It is not clear why this happens, but it is usually not anything serious. In some, it may be scar tissue from a previous abdominal surgery that gets stretched with the growing abdomen and causes discomfort.
If you experience persistent or severe belly button pain, it is important to seek medical attention. A healthcare professional can properly diagnose the underlying cause and recommend appropriate treatment.
Image showing redness around the belly button, a sign of potential infection.
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8. What Are the Different Types of Belly Buttons: Innies vs. Outies?
The two primary types of belly buttons are “innies” and “outies.” An innie refers to a navel that is concave or indented, while an outie is a navel that protrudes outward. The distinction between innies and outies is determined during the healing process after the umbilical cord is cut.
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Visual comparison illustrating the difference between an innie (left) and an outie (right) belly button.
In most cases, the type of belly button a person has is not a cause for concern. Both innies and outies are normal variations of human anatomy. However, in some instances, an outie may be associated with an umbilical hernia, a condition in which a portion of the intestine protrudes through the abdominal wall near the navel.
9. What Are the Risks of Piercing a Belly Button?
Piercing a belly button can carry several risks, primarily due to the nature of the tissue and location of the piercing. Potential risks include:
- Infection: The belly button is a warm, moist area that can harbor bacteria. Piercing introduces an open wound, increasing the risk of bacterial infection.
- Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may be allergic to the metals used in belly button jewelry, such as nickel. This can cause skin irritation, redness, and itching.
- Scarring: Piercings can sometimes result in scarring, especially if the piercing is not properly cared for or if an infection occurs.
- Rejection: In some cases, the body may reject the piercing, causing the skin to push the jewelry out.
- Prolonged Healing: Belly button piercings can take a long time to heal, sometimes several months or even a year.
Image showing a belly button piercing with signs of irritation and potential infection.
To minimize these risks, it is important to choose a reputable piercer who uses sterile equipment and follows proper hygiene practices. It is also essential to carefully follow the piercer’s aftercare instructions to promote healing and prevent infection.
10. What Should I Do if My Belly Button Smells Bad?
A foul odor emanating from the belly button is usually a sign of infection or poor hygiene. The belly button is a natural harbor for bacteria and debris, and if not properly cleaned, it can develop an unpleasant smell. Here’s what you should do:
- Clean the Area: Gently wash the belly button with warm water and mild soap. Use a cotton swab to reach inside the navel and remove any debris.
- Dry Thoroughly: After washing, make sure to dry the area thoroughly with a clean towel or cotton swab. Moisture can promote bacterial growth.
- Antiseptic: Apply a small amount of antiseptic solution to the belly button to help kill any remaining bacteria.
- Monitor: Keep an eye on the area for any signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, pain, or discharge.
- See a Doctor: If the odor persists or if you notice signs of infection, consult a doctor.
Close-up of a belly button that needs cleaning to prevent odor and potential infection.
11. What Does an Infected Belly Button Look Like?
An infected belly button can manifest in several ways. Common signs of infection include:
- Redness: The skin around the belly button may be red and inflamed.
- Swelling: The area may be swollen and tender to the touch.
- Pain: You may experience pain or discomfort in and around the belly button.
- Discharge: There may be a discharge of pus or fluid from the belly button. The discharge may be clear, cloudy, or yellowish-green.
- Odor: An unpleasant odor may be present.
- Crusting: The skin around the belly button may be crusty or scaly.
Image of an infected belly button showing redness and discharge, key signs of infection.
If you suspect your belly button is infected, it is important to seek medical attention. A doctor can properly diagnose the infection and prescribe appropriate treatment, which may include antibiotics.
12. What Is an Umbilical Hernia and How Does It Relate to the Navel?
An umbilical hernia occurs when a portion of the intestine or other abdominal tissue protrudes through the abdominal wall near the navel. This can create a noticeable bulge or swelling in the belly button area. Umbilical hernias are common in infants but can also occur in adults.
In infants, umbilical hernias are often caused by incomplete closure of the abdominal muscles around the umbilical cord after birth. In adults, they can be caused by factors such as obesity, pregnancy, chronic coughing, or straining during bowel movements.
Image of an infant with an umbilical hernia protruding near the belly button.
Small umbilical hernias may not require treatment and may resolve on their own. However, larger hernias or those that cause pain or discomfort may need to be surgically repaired.
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13. How Can I Keep My Belly Button Clean and Healthy?
Maintaining good hygiene is essential for keeping your belly button clean and healthy. Here are some tips:
- Regular Cleaning: Wash your belly button regularly with warm water and mild soap. Use a cotton swab to gently clean the inside of the navel and remove any debris.
- Dry Thoroughly: After washing, make sure to dry the area thoroughly with a clean towel or cotton swab.
- Avoid Harsh Products: Avoid using harsh soaps, detergents, or perfumes in the belly button area, as these can cause irritation.
- Loose Clothing: Wear loose-fitting clothing to allow air to circulate and prevent moisture buildup.
- Monitor for Changes: Keep an eye on your belly button for any signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, pain, or discharge.
Step-by-step image showing the proper method for cleaning the belly button with a cotton swab.
14. Can Belly Button Shape Change Over Time?
Yes, the shape of the belly button can change over time due to various factors. Weight gain or loss, pregnancy, and abdominal surgery can all affect the appearance of the navel.
During pregnancy, the expanding uterus can stretch the abdominal muscles and skin, causing the belly button to flatten or even pop out. After delivery, the belly button may return to its original shape, but it may also remain slightly altered.
Image of a pregnant woman showing changes in the shape of her belly button due to pregnancy.
Significant weight fluctuations can also affect the shape of the belly button. Weight gain can stretch the skin and tissues around the navel, while weight loss can cause the skin to become loose and saggy.
15. Are There Any Cultural or Social Significance Attached to the Navel?
Yes, the navel holds cultural and social significance in various societies. In some cultures, the navel is seen as a symbol of origin, connection to the mother, and the beginning of life. It is often associated with the concept of “birth” and is sometimes regarded with reverence.
In some religious traditions, the navel is considered a sacred site, representing the center of the body and the connection between the physical and spiritual realms. In certain forms of yoga and meditation, the navel is used as a focal point to promote relaxation and inner peace.
Ancient artwork depicting the navel as the source of life and creation.
In modern society, the navel is often associated with beauty and sexuality. Belly button piercings and navel-baring clothing are popular fashion trends.
16. What Are the Common Myths and Misconceptions About the Navel?
There are several myths and misconceptions surrounding the navel. Here are a few:
- Picking your belly button can cause serious health problems: While it’s not advisable to aggressively pick at your belly button, gentle cleaning is fine. You won’t cause any major harm.
- Outies are caused by the doctor tying the umbilical cord wrong: The shape of your belly button is determined by how your skin heals after the umbilical cord is cut, not by how the doctor ties it.
- Belly button lint is made of belly button fluff: Belly button lint is actually composed of fibers from your clothing that get trapped in the navel.
Diagram debunking common myths associated with the belly button.
17. What Are the Latest Research and Discoveries Related to the Belly Button?
Recent research has focused on the microbial diversity found in the belly button. Scientists have discovered that the navel is home to a wide range of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
A study published in the journal PLoS One found that the average belly button harbors around 67 different species of bacteria. The researchers also found that each person’s belly button microbiome is unique and can be used to identify individuals.
Microscopic image showcasing the diverse bacteria found within the belly button microbiome.
This research has potential implications for understanding human health and disease. The belly button microbiome may play a role in immune function, skin health, and other aspects of human physiology.
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18. How Does Pregnancy Affect the Belly Button?
Pregnancy can significantly affect the appearance of the belly button. As the uterus expands, it can stretch the abdominal muscles and skin, causing the belly button to flatten or even pop out. This is particularly common in the later stages of pregnancy.
Some women experience pain or discomfort in the belly button area during pregnancy due to the stretching of the abdominal muscles. Additionally, some women may develop an umbilical hernia during pregnancy.
Image of a pregnant belly showing a protruding belly button as a result of the expanding uterus.
After delivery, the belly button may return to its original shape, but it may also remain slightly altered. Some women find that their belly button becomes more stretched or saggy after pregnancy.
19. What Are the Surgical Procedures That Involve the Navel?
The navel can be involved in several surgical procedures, both cosmetic and medical. Some common surgical procedures that involve the navel include:
- Umbilicoplasty: This is a cosmetic procedure to reshape or reposition the belly button.
- Hernia Repair: Umbilical hernias can be surgically repaired by closing the opening in the abdominal wall.
- Laparoscopy: The navel can be used as an entry point for laparoscopic surgery, a minimally invasive procedure that uses small incisions and a camera to visualize the abdominal organs.
- Tummy Tuck (Abdominoplasty): In a tummy tuck, the navel may need to be repositioned to create a more natural-looking appearance.
Surgical procedure involving the navel area for hernia repair.
20. How to deal with questions about the belly button asked by children?
Children are naturally curious, and they often have questions about their bodies, including the belly button. Here are some tips for answering children’s questions about the navel:
- Use Simple Language: Explain the concept of the belly button in simple, age-appropriate terms.
- Be Honest: Answer their questions honestly and accurately.
- Emphasize its Naturalness: Reassure them that everyone has a belly button and that it is a normal part of the body.
- Explain the Umbilical Cord: Describe how the belly button is the place where the umbilical cord was attached during pregnancy.
- Avoid Scary Details: Omit any scary or graphic details that might frighten them.
A child curiously asking about their belly button, prompting an educational and reassuring explanation.
Here are some example answers to common questions children ask about the belly button:
- “What is a belly button?” “A belly button is a special spot on your tummy where you used to be connected to your mommy before you were born. It’s where the umbilical cord was attached, which gave you food and oxygen when you were inside your mommy’s tummy.”
- “Why do some people have innies and some have outies?” “Everyone’s belly button looks a little different. Some people have innies, which go in, and some people have outies, which stick out. It just depends on how your skin healed after the umbilical cord was cut.”
- “Does it hurt to touch my belly button?” “No, it shouldn’t hurt to touch your belly button. It’s just skin, like the rest of your tummy.”
Remember, addressing children’s questions with patience and understanding can help foster a positive body image and promote curiosity about the world around them.
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