If you’re a cat parent, sharing is caring, right? But when it comes to food, it’s crucial to know What Can Cats Eat safely from your plate. While your feline friend might be curious about your meals, not all human foods are created equal for them. Some are perfectly safe and even beneficial in moderation, while others can pose serious health risks.
This comprehensive guide will walk you through a detailed list of human foods that are safe for cats, foods to offer with caution, and those that are strictly off-limits. Understanding what cats can eat is essential for their health and well-being.
Table of Contents:
- Human Foods Cats Can Enjoy
- Fruits
- Vegetables
- Meat & Fish
- Cereals and Grains
- Human Foods to Give Cats in Moderation
- Foods Cats Should Never Eat
- Fruits to Avoid
- Vegetables to Avoid
- Meat and Fish to Avoid
- Dairy Products to Avoid
- Other Foods to Avoid
- Human Food for Kittens: What’s Safe?
- Key Takeaways: Feeding Your Cat Human Food Safely
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Human Foods Cats Can Enjoy
While cats are obligate carnivores and thrive on a diet primarily consisting of meat, certain human foods can be safe and even provide supplemental nutrients when given in moderation. Remember, treats should only make up a small portion of your cat’s daily intake – around 10% is a good guideline.
Fruits
Fruits are not a necessary part of a cat’s diet, but some are safe to offer in small amounts as occasional treats. Fruits are high in natural sugars, so moderation is key to prevent weight gain or potential issues like diabetes. Always wash fruits thoroughly and remove peels, seeds, and pits that could be choking hazards or contain toxins.
Apples
Apples are a good source of vitamins, fiber, and antioxidants for cats. Offer them in moderation, always peeled and with the seeds removed, as apple seeds contain trace amounts of cyanide, which is toxic to cats. A small slice of apple can be a crunchy and healthy treat.
Bananas
Bananas are packed with potassium and fiber, making them a nutritious snack. However, their high sugar content means they should be given sparingly. A small piece of banana as an occasional treat is perfectly acceptable.
Pears
Pears, like apples, offer vitamins and dietary fiber. They should be peeled and seeds removed before offering them to your cat. Pear seeds, similar to apple seeds, contain cyanide and are harmful to cats. Small, peeled pieces of pear can be a safe treat.
Blueberries
Blueberries are antioxidant powerhouses, rich in vitamin C and known to support cell health and reduce the risk of urinary tract infections. These little berries are safe for cats in moderation and can be given as a treat or reward.
Strawberries
Strawberries are a sweet and vitamin C-rich treat for cats. They can be served fresh, frozen, or pureed. A small amount of strawberries can be a tasty way to boost your cat’s immune system.
Raspberries
Raspberries are a good source of dietary fiber and are lower in sugar compared to some other fruits. They also boast anti-inflammatory properties, which can be beneficial, especially for older cats. While raspberries contain xylitol, a sweetener toxic to dogs, the amount in raspberries is negligible and safe for cats in small quantities.
Cranberries
Cranberries, known for their vitamin C, magnesium, and fiber content, can be offered to cats cooked or raw. However, avoid cranberry sauce or juice due to their high sugar content, which can upset your cat’s stomach. A few plain cranberries can be a healthy treat.
Watermelon
Alt text: A tabby cat happily eating a slice of watermelon, illustrating that watermelon is a safe fruit for cats in moderation.
Watermelon is hydrating, being over 90% water, and contains vitamins A, B, and C, as well as potassium. Other melons like cantaloupe and honeydew are also safe for cats. Always remove the rind and seeds before offering small amounts to your feline.
Pineapple
Pineapple is packed with vitamins and minerals and can support both the immune and digestive systems. However, due to its high sugar content, pineapple should be offered sparingly and always peeled and with the core removed.
Pumpkin
Pumpkin, cooked and pureed, is a safe and beneficial food for cats. Remove the skin and seeds before cooking. A couple of spoonfuls of plain pumpkin puree can help with both diarrhea and constipation in cats.
Vegetables
Cats are obligate carnivores and primarily need animal protein, but some vegetables can be safe and offer additional vitamins and minerals. Vegetables are also typically low in calories and fat, making them potentially good snacks for overweight cats. Offer vegetables in small amounts and occasionally.
Carrots
Carrots are rich in beta-carotene, which is good for a cat’s eyes and coat. Cooked and peeled carrots are safe for cats. Cooking softens them and reduces the choking risk.
Cucumbers
Cucumbers are hydrating, contain vitamins C and K, and minerals like magnesium. Their high water content and low calories make them a refreshing snack, especially for overweight cats. Peel and slice cucumbers thinly before offering them.
Celery
Celery is a source of vitamins and fiber, which can be helpful for cats with digestive issues. It also has diuretic properties and can support kidney function. Celery’s high water content makes it a low-calorie snack option.
Green Beans
Green beans are a good source of iron and protein and are low in calories, making them suitable for overweight cats. Fresh, canned (sodium-free), or frozen green beans are safe. A tablespoon added to their meal can be a healthy supplement.
Lettuce
Lettuce, especially darker leafy varieties, provides vitamins A and K, folate, and fiber. Its high water content can also encourage hydration in cats that don’t drink enough water. Wash lettuce thoroughly and offer it in small, chopped pieces.
Meat & Fish
Meat is the cornerstone of a cat’s diet, providing essential protein and amino acids. Cooked, plain meat is safe for cats. Avoid sauces and seasonings. Boiling, grilling, or baking are the best cooking methods; avoid frying due to added fats. Ensure meat is thoroughly cooked to eliminate bacteria and viruses.
Meat
Any type of cooked meat, such as chicken, turkey, beef, or lamb, is good for cats. Ensure it’s plain, cooked thoroughly, and cut into small, manageable pieces.
Fish
Alt text: A ginger cat eagerly eating cooked fish from a fork, illustrating that cooked fish is a good source of nutrients for cats.
Fish is a source of vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids. Cooked fish, served plain and in small pieces, is best. Choose fresh-caught fish when possible over farm-raised and meticulously remove all bones and skeletons.
Shrimp
Shrimp is rich in phosphorus, calcium, protein, and omega-3 fatty acids, supporting heart health and coat condition. Cooked shrimp can be an occasional addition to your cat’s diet, but shouldn’t be a daily staple.
Bacon and Ham
Bacon and ham can be given as very occasional treats due to their high fat and salt content. Ensure they are well-cooked and cut into kibble-sized pieces.
Eggs
Eggs are an excellent protein source and safe for cats when cooked (scrambled or boiled). Never give raw eggs due to the risk of Salmonella and E. coli.
Cereals and Grains
Cats don’t require carbohydrates, but whole grains can provide vitamins, fiber, and iron. They should be occasional snacks, not dietary staples.
Oatmeal
Oatmeal is high in dietary fiber and iron, both beneficial for feline health. It can also be used topically for skin issues. Cooked oatmeal can be a small, occasional treat.
Rice
Rice, cooked and plain, is safe for cats in moderation as an occasional treat. Its fiber content can help with diarrhea. However, rice offers minimal nutritional benefits for obligate carnivores like cats and should not be a frequent part of their diet.
Remember: Introduce any new human foods slowly and in small amounts to monitor your cat’s reaction. Watch for any digestive upset like diarrhea or vomiting. Always ensure fresh water is available, especially if your cat primarily eats dry food.
Human Foods to Give Cats in Moderation
These foods aren’t strictly harmful but should be given to cats sparingly due to potential issues like digestive upset, high fat or sugar content, or other factors.
Avocado
While not definitively poisonous to cats, avocado pits, skin, and leaves contain persin, which is toxic to some animals. Avocado flesh is also high in fat. It’s best to err on the side of caution and offer avocado very rarely, and only a tiny amount of the flesh.
Peaches
Peeled peaches, in small amounts, are generally safe. However, their high sugar content and digestibility can cause stomach upset and diarrhea if overfed. Always remove the pit as it contains cyanide and is a choking hazard.
Potatoes
Cooked, peeled potatoes are safe in moderation and provide vitamins B and C, and potassium. Raw potatoes contain solanine, a toxin harmful to cats. Cooking eliminates solanine, making boiled or baked potatoes safe, plain and in small amounts. Avoid fried potatoes due to high fat.
Spinach
Spinach contains calcium oxalates, which can contribute to urinary tract stone formation, especially in cats with kidney or digestive issues. Healthy cats can have small quantities of spinach due to its vitamin and mineral content, but it should be limited.
Broccoli
Broccoli is vitamin and mineral-rich but can cause constipation in some cats. Offer small, boiled, unseasoned amounts infrequently.
Tomatoes
Ripe, peeled tomatoes are generally considered safe in small amounts. However, tomato leaves and stems contain solanine, which is toxic to cats.
Corn
Corn isn’t toxic but offers little nutritional value to cats. Small amounts of cooked, plain corn are unlikely to harm them, but large amounts can cause digestive upset.
Tuna Fish (Canned)
Canned tuna for humans can be high in unsaturated fats and sodium. While a tablespoon as an occasional treat is acceptable, frequent, large servings of tuna can be unhealthy for cats. Tuna formulated specifically for cats is a better option.
Bread
Small amounts of bread are safe, but bread offers no nutritional value for cats and shouldn’t replace their regular diet.
Peanut Butter
Alt text: A curious cat licking peanut butter from a spoon, illustrating that peanut butter is safe for cats in very small amounts.
Peanut butter is safe in very small amounts (teaspoon to tablespoon). While protein-rich, it’s also high in fats and carbs, potentially leading to obesity and diabetes. Its sticky texture can be a choking hazard, and peanut allergies are possible in cats.
Foods Cats Should Never Eat
These foods are toxic or pose significant health risks to cats and should be strictly avoided.
Fruits to Avoid
Grapes and Raisins
Grapes and raisins are known to cause kidney failure in dogs and may have similar effects in cats, although less definitively proven. It’s best to avoid them entirely.
Oranges and Citrus Fruits
Orange seeds, leaves, stems, and peel contain oils poisonous to cats. Citrus fruits like lemons, limes, and grapefruit are also highly acidic and can cause stomach upset. Luckily, most cats dislike the smell of citrus and naturally avoid them.
Cherries
All parts of the cherry plant, except the ripe fruit flesh, are toxic to cats, including pits, stems, and leaves.
Plums
Plum seeds, stems, and leaves contain cyanide and are toxic to cats, especially wilted plum parts, which have higher toxin concentrations.
Vegetables to Avoid
Onions and Garlic
All members of the allium family (onions, garlic, chives, leeks) are poisonous to cats. Garlic is considered about five times more toxic than onions. Even small amounts consumed over time can be harmful.
Mushrooms (Wild)
While some store-bought mushrooms are safe in small amounts, never give wild mushrooms to cats as they can be highly poisonous, leading to symptoms like diarrhea, vomiting, increased heart rate, and organ damage.
Meat and Fish to Avoid
Raw Meat, Fish, and Eggs
Raw meat, fish, and eggs can harbor harmful bacteria like Salmonella and E. coli, and some raw meats are high in fat, potentially causing pancreatitis.
Small Bones
Small bones, especially cooked ones, can splinter and become lodged in the esophagus or damage the digestive tract. While large, raw bones can be a chew toy and dental aid under supervision, small cooked bones are dangerous.
Dairy Products to Avoid
Milk
Most adult cats are lactose intolerant because they lose the enzyme to digest lactose after kittenhood. Milk can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and digestive upset in lactose-intolerant cats.
Cheese
Cheese is lower in lactose than milk, so some cats tolerate it better. However, it’s still best to offer cheese very sparingly due to lactose and high-fat content.
Ice Cream
Ice cream combines lactose and high sugar content, both problematic for cats, and can cause diarrhea and other gastrointestinal issues.
Yogurt
While some claim yogurt probiotics are beneficial, there’s no strong scientific evidence, and dairy can still be problematic for lactose-intolerant cats.
Other Foods to Avoid
Xylitol
Xylitol is an artificial sweetener toxic to dogs and, while not definitively proven harmful to cats, it’s best avoided due to potential risks.
Nuts
Nuts are high in fat and can cause digestive upset, diarrhea, vomiting, and potentially pancreatitis in cats, especially walnuts and almonds.
Popcorn (Store-bought)
Store-bought popcorn often contains unhealthy additives, preservatives, and high salt levels, leading to digestive issues. Air-popped, plain popcorn might be given cautiously in very small amounts, but it’s a choking hazard.
Alcohol
Even small amounts of alcohol are highly toxic to cats, causing symptoms from digestive upset and disorientation to breathing problems, coma, and death.
Caffeine
Caffeine is toxic to cats and can cause hyperactivity, increased heart rate, breathing difficulties, tremors, and seizures. Coffee grounds, tea bags, coffee, soda, and energy drinks should be kept away from cats.
Chocolate
Chocolate contains caffeine and theobromine, both toxic to cats, causing heart problems, muscle tremors, and seizures. All types of chocolate, including dark and sugar-free, are dangerous.
Raw Dough
Raw dough containing yeast can expand in the stomach, causing severe discomfort and potentially requiring surgery. Yeast also produces alcohol during rising, which is toxic to cats.
Pro Tip: If your cat has eaten something they shouldn’t, contact your veterinarian immediately. Pet insurance can help manage unexpected vet costs associated with accidental ingestion.
Human Food for Kittens: What’s Safe?
Kittens should primarily eat kitten food or food labeled for all life stages to ensure they get the necessary nutrients for growth. While introducing other foods is possible, kitten food should remain their main source of nutrition.
For variety and to prevent picky eating later in life, you can introduce small amounts of safe human foods like scrambled eggs, cooked meat and fish (boneless), salad greens, and pumpkin.
Introduce new foods slowly, one at a time, and in very small quantities (no more than 10% of their daily calorie intake). Monitor for any digestive upset.
Key Takeaways: Feeding Your Cat Human Food Safely
- Many common food groups contain items safe for cats in moderation, but also dangerous foods like chocolate and wild mushrooms.
- If you suspect your cat has eaten something toxic, immediately contact your vet.
- Human foods should be occasional treats, making up no more than 10% of your cat’s daily calories.
- Always prioritize a balanced, high-quality cat food as the foundation of your cat’s diet.
By understanding what cats can eat and what to avoid, you can safely share small amounts of human food with your feline companion while ensuring their health and well-being.
