Vaginal cysts are relatively common occurrences, and while they might sound alarming, they are frequently benign. These fluid-filled sacs develop within the vaginal walls and can vary in size and origin. Understanding what a vaginal cyst looks like, along with related symptoms and types, can help alleviate anxiety and guide appropriate action.
Understanding Vaginal Cysts
What is a Vaginal Cyst?
A vaginal cyst is essentially a closed sac within the vaginal tissue that becomes filled with fluid or semi-solid material. They form when glands or ducts in the vagina become blocked, leading to a buildup of secretions. Imagine a small balloon filled with liquid beneath the surface of the skin inside your vagina – this is a simple way to visualize a vaginal cyst.
Types of Vaginal Cysts
Several types of cysts can occur in the vagina, each with slightly different characteristics and causes:
- Gartner’s Duct Cysts: These are the most common type and originate from remnants of the Gartner’s duct, a structure present during fetal development. Many women are born with these cysts, and they often remain small and unnoticed throughout life.
- Epidermal Inclusion Cysts: These cysts form when skin cells become trapped beneath the surface of the vagina, often due to injury or surgery in the area.
- Bartholin’s Cysts: While technically located near the vagina rather than within the vaginal walls, Bartholin’s cysts are frequently discussed in the context of vaginal cysts. These form when the Bartholin’s glands, located near the vaginal opening and responsible for lubrication, become blocked.
- Endometriosis Cysts: In rarer cases, cysts can form in the vagina due to endometriosis, a condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. These cysts can be more painful, especially during menstruation.
What Do Vaginal Cysts Look Like?
The appearance of a vaginal cyst can vary somewhat depending on its type and size, but there are some common characteristics:
- Shape and Size: Vaginal cysts typically present as small, round lumps. They are often described as feeling like smooth, firm nodules beneath the skin. Sizes can range from very small, perhaps the size of a pea or even smaller, to larger, potentially reaching the size of a plum in some cases, although this is less common for simple vaginal cysts. The original article mentions that many are found along the sides of the vagina and are often smaller than a dime.
- Color: The color of a vaginal cyst is usually similar to the surrounding vaginal tissue, appearing pinkish or slightly paler. They are typically not discolored or inflamed unless infected.
- Feel: When you touch a vaginal cyst, it generally feels smooth and mobile under the skin, meaning it can be gently moved. They are usually painless to the touch, especially Gartner’s duct cysts and smaller cysts. However, larger cysts or those that become infected can be tender or painful.
- Location: Vaginal cysts can occur anywhere along the vaginal walls, but Gartner’s duct cysts are often found on the sides of the vagina.
It’s important to note that visually inspecting a vaginal cyst yourself can be challenging. Using a mirror can help you see cysts closer to the vaginal opening, but those located deeper inside may only be discovered during a pelvic exam by a healthcare provider.
Symptoms of Vaginal Cysts
Many vaginal cysts are asymptomatic, meaning they cause no noticeable symptoms. You might only become aware of a cyst during routine self-examination or a doctor’s visit. However, depending on the size, location, and type of cyst, some symptoms can occur:
- Palpable Lump: The most common sign is feeling a lump or bump in the vagina.
- Discomfort or Pressure: Larger cysts can cause a feeling of pressure, discomfort, or fullness in the vagina, particularly during intercourse or when inserting tampons.
- Pain: While typically painless, a vaginal cyst can become painful if it grows large, becomes infected, or if it’s related to endometriosis. Pain associated with endometriosis cysts often fluctuates with the menstrual cycle.
- Painful Intercourse (Dyspareunia): Depending on the location and size, a cyst can make sexual intercourse uncomfortable or painful.
Vaginal Polyps
Polyps are another type of growth that can occur in the vagina. Unlike cysts filled with fluid, polyps are fleshy growths of tissue. They are often small, like skin tags, and may not be noticeable. Generally, vaginal polyps are benign and only require treatment if they cause symptoms like bleeding or pain.
Vaginal Warts
Vaginal warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and are sexually transmitted. They appear as small, raised bumps that can be rough or smooth. They are often described as having a “cauliflower-like” appearance or feeling pebbly to the touch. Warts can be found both inside the vagina and around the vaginal opening. While often painless, they can sometimes cause itching. It’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider if you suspect you have vaginal warts, as HPV is linked to cervical cancer and requires appropriate management.
Alt text: Illustration depicting the pebbly texture and raised appearance of warts on the vaginal opening.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While many vaginal cysts are harmless and may resolve on their own, it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider if you notice any new lumps, bumps, or changes in your vagina, or if you experience:
- Pain or tenderness in the vaginal area
- A cyst that is rapidly growing or changing in appearance
- Bleeding or discharge from the vagina unrelated to menstruation
- Painful intercourse
A healthcare provider can properly diagnose the lump, determine the type of cyst or growth, and recommend appropriate management or treatment if needed. Early evaluation can help rule out more serious conditions and ensure your vaginal health.
Alt text: Diagram showing a cross-section of the vagina with a Gartner’s duct cyst located along the vaginal wall.
