The concept of citizenship extends beyond a simple definition. The Center for the Study of Citizenship uses Merriam-Webster’s definition of citizenship as “membership in a community,” highlighting the broad reach of this concept and focusing on both social inclusion and exclusion within the realm of citizenship. Understanding what it means to be a citizen is crucial in today’s interconnected world.
Defining Citizenship: Legal Status and National Identity
Citizenship is often understood as a synonym for nationality. It represents the legal relationship between an individual and a state, entailing specific legal rights and duties. However, the meaning of citizenship can vary. While nationality establishes a person’s belonging to a particular nation, citizenship, in some contexts, refers specifically to the legal rights and duties tied to that nationality under a nation’s laws. Some national laws specify that certain rights, such as voting, can only be exercised after reaching adulthood or within the national territory.
The Citizen’s Role: Participation and Responsibility
So, What Is A Citizen? A citizen is an active and participatory member of a political community. Individuals gain citizenship by meeting the legal requirements established by a national, state, or local government. In return for certain rights and privileges granted by the nation, citizens are expected to obey the laws of their country and defend it if necessary.
The value and implications of citizenship differ across nations. In some countries, citizenship grants the right to vote, hold public office, and receive social benefits like unemployment insurance.
It is important to note that residing in a country does not automatically confer citizenship. Individuals from one country residing in another are considered aliens. Their rights and responsibilities are governed by international treaties and the laws of their host country. In the United States, for example, aliens are obligated to follow laws and pay taxes, similar to U.S. citizens. They are required to register with the government for legal residency permission. Legal aliens are entitled to legal protection and access to the courts. They can own property, conduct business, and attend public schools. However, they are typically restricted from voting or holding government positions. Some states also restrict aliens from practicing certain professions until they become citizens.
Furthermore, the concept of a noncitizen national exists in United States law. This category encompasses individuals who are not citizens or aliens but owe permanent allegiance to the United States. These individuals possess some, but not all, of the rights afforded to citizens. For instance, residents of a U.S. territory may not have voting rights. Examples of noncitizen nationals include people born in American Samoa after the United States took control of the territory in 1900.
Beyond Individuals: Corporate Citizenship and Social Responsibility
The concept of citizenship extends beyond individuals to encompass corporate entities. What is corporate citizenship? It refers to a company’s role and responsibilities within society.
Corporate citizenship recognizes that businesses, corporations, and similar organizations have social, cultural, and environmental responsibilities in the communities where they operate, in addition to their economic and financial obligations to shareholders and stakeholders. This involves companies acknowledging the need for significant internal and external changes to better meet their responsibilities to all stakeholders, both directly and indirectly. The goal is to achieve long-term sustainable success for the organization and, consequently, contribute to the long-term sustainable success of the community at large.
Corporate citizenship reflects the belief that companies must actively take responsibility for their employees’ well-being and acknowledge their social responsibilities, even if fulfilling these responsibilities involves financial costs.
Conclusion: Citizenship as a Dynamic Concept
Citizenship, in its various forms, is a dynamic and evolving concept. It encompasses legal status, national identity, individual responsibility, and corporate accountability. Understanding the different facets of citizenship is essential for navigating the complexities of our interconnected world and promoting a more inclusive and responsible society.
