A comma splice is a grammatical term that might sound complex, but it describes a fairly straightforward error in sentence construction. Essentially, a comma splice occurs when you join two independent clauses together using only a comma, without a coordinating conjunction. While some might view it as a type of run-on sentence, it’s more accurately classified as a punctuation mistake.
To put it simply, think of independent clauses as complete sentences on their own. When you try to connect two of these sentences with just a comma, it’s like using a weak glue for a strong bond – it doesn’t quite hold.
For example, consider this sentence:
Koala bears are not actually bears, they are marsupials.
This is a classic example of a comma splice. Let’s break down why.
Identifying a Comma Splice: Spotting the Issue
To understand why the example above is incorrect, we need to look at the parts of the sentence separated by the comma.
First part:
Koala bears are not actually bears
Notice that this part of the sentence can stand alone as a complete thought. It has a subject (“Koala bears”) and a verb (“are”) and expresses a complete idea. This makes it an independent clause.
Second part:
they are marsupials
Similarly, this part can also stand alone as a complete sentence. It has a subject (“they”) and a verb (“are”) and expresses a complete thought. This is also an independent clause.
Because both parts are independent clauses, joining them with just a comma creates a comma splice. The comma is simply not strong enough punctuation to connect two sentences that are grammatically complete on their own.
How to Correct a Comma Splice: Three Effective Methods
Luckily, fixing a comma splice is usually quite simple. There are three primary ways to correct this error, each offering a slightly different nuance to your writing. Let’s illustrate these methods using another example sentence containing a comma splice:
I am not angry with you, I am not happy with you, either.
Method 1: Adding a Coordinating Conjunction
One of the most common and effective ways to fix a comma splice is to insert a coordinating conjunction after the comma. Coordinating conjunctions act as bridges between independent clauses, providing a stronger grammatical connection. The most frequently used coordinating conjunctions are often remembered by the acronym FANBOYS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So.
In our example sentence, the conjunction “but” works well to show a contrast:
I am not angry with you, but I am not happy with you, either.
Alt text: Image illustrating the first method to fix a comma splice: adding a conjunction, with the example sentence “I am not angry with you, but I am not happy with you, either.” The word “but” is highlighted in blue.
Method 2: Using a Semicolon
Another way to correct a comma splice is to replace the comma with a semicolon. Semicolons are stronger punctuation marks than commas and are specifically designed to connect closely related independent clauses.
Using a semicolon in our example sentence creates a slightly more formal and concise feel:
I am not angry with you; I am not happy with you, either.
Alt text: Image demonstrating the second method to fix a comma splice: changing the comma to a semicolon, with the example sentence “I am not angry with you; I am not happy with you, either.” The semicolon is highlighted in blue.
When using a semicolon, ensure that there is a clear and logical connection between the two independent clauses. They should be related ideas that you want to link closely.
Method 3: Creating Separate Sentences
The simplest and often clearest method to fix a comma splice is to simply separate the two independent clauses into two distinct sentences. This involves replacing the comma with a period.
In our example, this method results in:
I am not angry with you. I am not happy with you, either.
Alt text: Image showing the third method to fix a comma splice: making separate sentences, with the example split into “I am not angry with you.” and “I am not happy with you, either.” The period is highlighted in blue.
This approach is particularly effective when you want to emphasize each idea separately or when the clauses are slightly longer and separating them enhances readability.
More Examples of Comma Splices and Corrections
Let’s look at a few more examples to solidify your understanding of comma splices and how to fix them:
Comma Splice Example: I’m thinking of skipping English class, it’s really boring.
- Correction with a semicolon: I’m thinking of skipping English class; it’s really boring.
- Correction with separate sentences: I’m thinking of skipping English class. It’s really boring.
In this case, a conjunction like “and” or “but” might not fit as naturally, making the semicolon or separate sentences better choices.
Comma Splice Example: Daniel was late, we left without him.
- Correction with a conjunction: Daniel was late, so we left without him.
- Correction with a semicolon: Daniel was late; we left without him.
- Correction with separate sentences: Daniel was late. We left without him.
Here, “so” effectively shows the cause-and-effect relationship between the two clauses, while the semicolon and separate sentences also offer grammatically correct alternatives.
When Are Comma Splices Acceptable? Context Matters
While it’s generally advisable to avoid comma splices in formal writing, there are instances where they can be used intentionally for stylistic effect, particularly in more informal or creative contexts.
In fiction, for example, a comma splice might be used to mimic a character’s rapid stream of consciousness or quick observations:
She was beautiful, she was gorgeous, she was ravishing.
In rhetoric, sparingly used comma splices can create a sense of grandeur or impactful rhythm:
I came, I saw, I conquered.
And in poetry, grammatical rules are often relaxed for artistic expression, where a comma splice might contribute to a desired rhythm or flow:
Do not go gentle into that good night, Old age should burn and rave at close of day . . .
However, for academic papers, professional emails, or any formal writing, it’s best to avoid comma splices and ensure grammatical correctness. Understanding what a comma splice is and how to fix it will significantly strengthen your writing clarity and credibility.
