Hypoxemia, or low blood oxygen, occurs when the oxygen level in your arteries falls below the healthy range. While not a disease itself, hypoxemia signals an underlying issue with your breathing or blood circulation that requires attention. Recognizing a dangerously low oxygen level is crucial for timely intervention and preventing potential complications.
A normal arterial oxygen level typically ranges from 75 to 100 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). A hypoxemia diagnosis is given when this level dips below 60 mm Hg, which is considered a dangerously low oxygen level. This measurement is precisely obtained through an arterial blood gas test, which involves taking a blood sample directly from an artery.
Often, healthcare providers initially use a pulse oximeter to estimate blood oxygen saturation. This non-invasive device clips onto your finger and provides a percentage reading. While healthy oxygen saturation levels are usually between 95% and 100%, readings below 90% are considered low and may indicate hypoxemia. It’s important to note that pulse oximetry is a screening tool; a blood gas test offers a more definitive measurement of arterial oxygen levels when dangerously low oxygen is suspected.
Several symptoms can indicate a dangerously low oxygen level, including:
- Shortness of breath: Feeling breathless or struggling to catch your breath.
- Rapid breathing: Breathing faster than usual in an attempt to get more oxygen.
- Rapid or pounding heartbeat: An increased heart rate as the body tries to compensate for low oxygen.
- Confusion: Oxygen is vital for brain function, and low levels can lead to disorientation or confusion.
If you experience these symptoms or suspect you have a dangerously low oxygen level, seeking medical attention is essential. Treatment for hypoxemia typically involves supplemental oxygen therapy to raise blood oxygen levels. Further treatment will focus on addressing the underlying cause of the hypoxemia to ensure long-term health and well-being.
