A sacral dimple is a small indentation or pit visible on a newborn’s lower back, typically situated just above the crease between the buttocks. In the majority of cases, these dimples are harmless congenital features that require no medical intervention. However, the presence of a sacral dimple, particularly when accompanied by other indicators, can sometimes signal underlying spinal issues.
Sacral Dimple: Symptoms and Appearance
Most sacral dimples are characterized as small, shallow indentations located just above the gluteal cleft. A typical sacral dimple appears as a minor pit in the skin on the lower back. These common sacral dimples generally don’t present any health risks.
What Causes a Sacral Dimple?
The precise cause of sacral dimples remains unknown. They are classified as congenital conditions, meaning they are present at birth. It’s important to note that most sacral dimples occur spontaneously without any identifiable underlying cause. The development of a sacral dimple is considered a variation in normal human anatomy.
Risk Factors Associated with Sacral Dimples
While many sacral dimples are benign, certain risk factors can indicate a higher likelihood of associated spinal problems. These risk factors include:
- Tethered Cord Syndrome: This condition occurs when the spinal cord’s movement within the spinal canal is restricted. Sacral dimples can sometimes be present in individuals with tethered cord syndrome.
- Accompanying Symptoms: A sacral dimple accompanied by other cutaneous signs, such as a tuft of hair, skin tag, lump, or areas of skin discoloration near the dimple, warrants further investigation.
Potential Complications and Associated Conditions
In rare instances, a sacral dimple can be linked to underlying abnormalities of the spine or spinal cord. Such conditions include:
- Spina Bifida Occulta: This is a mild form of spina bifida where the spine doesn’t completely close around the spinal cord. The spinal cord remains within the spinal canal. Most cases of spina bifida occulta are asymptomatic and require no treatment.
- Tethered Cord Syndrome: A condition in which tissue restricts the spinal cord’s movement within the spinal canal. Symptoms can include leg weakness or numbness, and bowel or bladder incontinence. If a sacral dimple is associated with tethered cord syndrome, neurological symptoms may develop over time.
It’s important to emphasize that the vast majority of sacral dimples are isolated findings without any associated complications. If a healthcare provider suspects an underlying issue, they may recommend imaging studies, such as an ultrasound or MRI, to further evaluate the spinal cord and surrounding structures.
Diagnosis and When to Seek Medical Advice
If your newborn has a sacral dimple, it’s generally assessed during a routine newborn examination. While most sacral dimples are harmless, a healthcare provider will look for any associated risk factors or signs of underlying spinal issues. If there are concerns, they may recommend further evaluation. It is important to consult a doctor if the sacral dimple is large, deep, or accompanied by other symptoms such as skin changes, neurological issues, or bowel/bladder dysfunction.
Sacral Dimple: Treatment Options
Most sacral dimples do not require any treatment. If an underlying spinal condition is identified, treatment will depend on the specific condition and its severity. Spina bifida occulta typically requires no intervention. Tethered cord syndrome may require surgery to release the tethered spinal cord.
Conclusion
A sacral dimple is a common congenital feature that is typically benign. However, it’s crucial to be aware of the potential risk factors and associated conditions. Regular checkups and prompt medical attention when warranted can ensure the health and well-being of newborns with sacral dimples. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of any underlying spinal issues can prevent potential complications.
