Atherosclerosis is a prevalent condition characterized by the accumulation of a sticky substance called plaque within your arteries. This plaque buildup narrows and hardens the arteries, potentially leading to serious health complications. Diseases stemming from atherosclerosis are the primary cause of mortality in both the United States and globally, highlighting the critical importance of understanding and addressing this condition.
Atherosclerosis is a gradual process that unfolds as cholesterol, fats, blood cells, and other substances circulating in your bloodstream begin to form plaque along the artery walls. This buildup progressively narrows the arteries, restricting the flow of oxygen-rich blood to vital tissues and organs throughout the body. This reduced blood supply can manifest in various symptoms and, if left unaddressed, can trigger life-threatening events.
A diminished blood flow due to atherosclerosis can result in symptoms such as angina, characterized by chest pain or discomfort. Furthermore, if a plaque ruptures, it can initiate the formation of blood clots. These clots can obstruct the artery at the site of rupture or detach and travel to other parts of the body, causing blockages elsewhere. Such blockages, whether partial or complete, can precipitate severe medical emergencies, including heart attack, stroke, vascular dementia, erectile dysfunction, heart failure, and even limb loss in extreme cases. The debilitating and potentially fatal consequences of atherosclerosis underscore the need for proactive management and prevention.
Atherosclerosis can affect virtually any artery within the body, including those supplying the heart, brain, arms, legs, pelvis, and kidneys. Depending on the specific arteries involved, atherosclerosis may be referred to by different names.
Understanding the Terminology: Atherosclerosis vs. Arteriosclerosis
It’s important to differentiate atherosclerosis from arteriosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis is a broader term often referred to as “hardening of the arteries,” describing any condition where arteries thicken and lose elasticity. Arteriosclerosis encompasses various underlying causes. Atherosclerosis, specifically caused by the buildup of fatty plaque, is in fact a common type of arteriosclerosis. Therefore, while all atherosclerosis is arteriosclerosis, not all arteriosclerosis is atherosclerosis.
Plaque formation often commences in childhood and tends to worsen with advancing age. Several risk factors contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. These include elevated blood cholesterol levels, unhealthy lifestyle choices, and genetic predisposition. Individuals with a family history of heart disease or high cholesterol are at an increased risk. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, an unhealthy diet high in saturated and trans fats, and lack of physical activity significantly contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.
Fortunately, for most individuals, atherosclerosis can be prevented or its onset significantly delayed by adopting heart-healthy living practices. Prioritizing a heart-healthy lifestyle is the most effective strategy to safeguard cardiovascular health and mitigate the risk of atherosclerosis. In some instances, atherosclerosis can be reversed through a combination of healthy lifestyle modifications and medical interventions, including medications to lower cholesterol and manage blood pressure.
