Cauliflower ear, medically known as auricular hematoma, is a disfiguring condition that occurs when trauma to the outer ear leads to a buildup of blood or fluid between the cartilage and the perichondrium. This results in a swollen, misshapen ear that, in appearance, resembles a cauliflower. It’s particularly prevalent in contact sports.
What Causes Cauliflower Ear?
The cartilage of your ear is normally nourished by a thin layer of tissue called the perichondrium. When the ear experiences blunt force or repeated friction, often seen in sports like wrestling, boxing, rugby, and mixed martial arts, the perichondrium can separate from the cartilage. This separation disrupts the blood supply and can lead to hemorrhage, forming a hematoma (blood collection), or a seroma (fluid pocket).
If left untreated, the deprived cartilage can die and new cartilage will form irregularly. This new, excess cartilage is what leads to the characteristic bumpy and deformed appearance of cauliflower ear. The pressure from the accumulated fluid further contributes to the misshaping of the ear structure.
How is Cauliflower Ear Treated?
Prompt treatment is critical to minimize permanent deformity. If cauliflower ear is addressed early, ideally within 24 to 48 hours of the injury, a medical professional can drain the accumulated fluid or blood. Following drainage, applying a compression dressing is essential. This pressure helps the perichondrium reattach to the cartilage, preventing further fluid buildup and promoting healing in the correct shape. Doctors may also prescribe antibiotics to prevent infection at the injury site.
For cases where cauliflower ear is not treated promptly, or the deformity is already established, surgery might be necessary. Surgical intervention involves removing the excess, hardened cartilage to reshape the ear. Post-surgery care often includes compression bandages, drainage systems, or quilting sutures to further encourage proper healing and reduce the chances of the cauliflower ear returning. Athletes, especially young wrestlers, might be advised to postpone corrective surgery until the off-season or after their sports career to avoid repeated trauma and the need for multiple procedures.
