Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a type of bacteria that many people carry, usually without any symptoms. However, it can pose risks during pregnancy and childbirth. Understanding what GBS is, how it affects pregnancy, and what preventative measures can be taken is crucial for ensuring a healthy pregnancy and a safe delivery.
GBS, also known as Group B Strep, is a common bacterium that can be found in the vagina and rectum of about 1 in 4 women. While it’s often harmless in adults, it can cause serious infections in newborns if transmitted during birth.
How GBS Affects Pregnancy
Most women who carry GBS experience no symptoms. However, in rare cases, GBS can cause infections in pregnant women, such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), infections of the amniotic sac (the fluid-filled sac surrounding the baby), and even sepsis (a life-threatening response to an infection). The biggest concern is the potential for transmission to the newborn during vaginal delivery.
Risk to Newborns
Newborns are most at risk of contracting GBS during delivery as they pass through the birth canal. GBS infection in newborns can lead to serious health problems, including:
- Sepsis: A blood infection.
- Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs.
- Meningitis: An infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
While GBS infection in newborns is serious, it’s also relatively rare, thanks to routine screening and preventative treatment.
GBS Screening During Pregnancy
Routine screening for GBS is a standard part of prenatal care. Pregnant women are typically screened for GBS between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation. This screening involves taking a swab of the vagina and rectum to test for the presence of the bacteria.
Treatment and Prevention
If a pregnant woman tests positive for GBS, she will be given intravenous (IV) antibiotics during labor. The antibiotics help to kill the bacteria and prevent it from being transmitted to the baby during delivery. Penicillin is the most commonly used antibiotic for GBS treatment, but alternatives are available for women with penicillin allergies.
It is important to note that a positive GBS test does not mean a Cesarean birth is necessary. Antibiotics administered during labor are usually very effective at preventing GBS infection in newborns.
Factors Increasing GBS Risk
Certain factors can increase the risk of GBS infection in newborns, including:
- Preterm labor: Delivering before 37 weeks of gestation.
- Prolonged rupture of membranes: When the amniotic sac breaks more than 18 hours before delivery.
- Fever during labor: A temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher during labor.
- Previous GBS infection: Having a previous baby who developed a GBS infection.
If any of these factors are present, healthcare providers may recommend antibiotics even if the GBS test was negative.
Importance of Prenatal Care
Prenatal care is crucial for a healthy pregnancy. Regular checkups allow healthcare providers to screen for GBS and other potential problems, and to provide appropriate treatment and guidance. Following your doctor’s recommendations and attending all scheduled appointments can significantly reduce the risk of complications associated with GBS and other pregnancy-related conditions.
Understanding GBS and its potential impact on pregnancy is essential for expectant mothers. Routine screening and appropriate treatment can effectively minimize the risk of GBS infection in newborns, contributing to a safer and healthier start for both mother and baby. Remember to discuss any concerns you have with your healthcare provider.
