Human Papillomavirus, commonly known as HPV, is a prevalent virus that can lead to various health issues. It’s crucial to understand what HPV is, its potential risks, and how to protect yourself, especially with effective preventative measures like vaccines.
What is HPV?
HPV is not a single virus, but rather a group of more than 200 related viruses. These viruses are extremely common, and most people will contract some form of HPV at some point in their lives, often without even knowing it. HPV is primarily transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, most often during sexual activity, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex.
While many HPV infections are harmless and resolve on their own without causing any noticeable symptoms, certain types of HPV are considered high-risk. These high-risk strains can cause cell changes that may lead to cancers. Cervical cancer is the most well-known HPV-related cancer, but HPV can also cause cancers of the anus, penis, vagina, vulva, and oropharynx (back of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils). Other types of HPV cause genital warts, which are benign but can be uncomfortable and noticeable.
HPV Vaccines: A Key to Prevention
Fortunately, there are highly effective vaccines available that can protect against the most common high-risk HPV types. Gardasil 9 is an FDA-approved HPV vaccine that protects against nine HPV types, which are responsible for the majority of HPV-related cancers and genital warts.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) strongly recommends routine HPV vaccination for both girls and boys starting at ages 11 or 12. Vaccination can begin as early as age 9 and is most effective when given before a person becomes sexually active and potentially exposed to HPV. It’s important to note that early vaccination is not associated with earlier sexual activity; it’s about providing protection before potential exposure to the virus.
Vaccines work best when administered before an HPV infection occurs. While the vaccine may offer less benefit to someone already infected, it can still protect against other HPV types they haven’t yet encountered. Younger individuals generally exhibit a better immune response to the vaccine compared to older adults. Crucially, HPV vaccination has the potential to prevent the majority of cervical cancer cases worldwide.
Vaccination Schedule
For adolescents starting vaccination before age 15, the CDC recommends a two-dose series of the HPV vaccine. These doses should be administered at least six months apart. This two-dose schedule is proven effective for children and teens under 15 years old.
Teenagers and young adults who begin vaccination at ages 15 through 26 require a three-dose series to ensure optimal protection. The CDC also recommends catch-up HPV vaccination for all individuals through age 26 who are not adequately vaccinated.
Who Should Get Vaccinated?
The FDA has recently expanded the approved use of Gardasil 9 to include males and females aged 9 to 45. For adults between 27 and 45, the decision to vaccinate should be made in consultation with a healthcare provider. Discussing your individual risk factors and potential benefits with a doctor is essential in this age group.
Conclusion
Understanding what HPV virus is and the risks it poses highlights the importance of preventative measures. HPV vaccines are a safe and effective tool in preventing HPV infections and related cancers and diseases. For optimal protection, vaccination is recommended starting in early adolescence. Talk to a healthcare provider to determine the best course of action for HPV prevention and vaccination for yourself or your children.
