What Is Interventional Radiology? A Comprehensive Guide

What Is Interventional Radiology? WHAT.EDU.VN provides clarity. It’s a minimally invasive, image-guided treatment option. Interventional radiologists use their expertise to target treatments precisely, reducing risks and recovery times. Interested in learning more about minimally invasive procedures, image-guided therapy, and vascular interventions?

Table of Contents

Understanding Interventional Radiology (IR)
The Core Principles of Interventional Radiology
Why Choose Interventional Radiology?
Conditions Treated with Interventional Radiology
Interventional Radiology Procedures: A Detailed Look
The Role of Imaging in Interventional Radiology
Benefits and Risks of Interventional Radiology
The Interventional Radiology Team: Who’s Involved?
Preparing for an Interventional Radiology Procedure
Recovering from an Interventional Radiology Procedure
The Future of Interventional Radiology
Interventional Radiology vs. Traditional Surgery
Finding an Interventional Radiologist
Interventional Radiology for Pain Management
Interventional Radiology in Oncology
Pediatric Interventional Radiology
Interventional Neuroradiology
Advances in Interventional Radiology Technology
The Economic Impact of Interventional Radiology
Ethical Considerations in Interventional Radiology
Interventional Radiology Training and Certification
Research and Innovation in Interventional Radiology
Patient Perspectives on Interventional Radiology
Interventional Radiology and Women’s Health
Interventional Radiology for Vascular Diseases
Interventional Radiology for Liver Diseases
Interventional Radiology for Kidney Diseases
Interventional Radiology for Gastrointestinal Conditions
Interventional Radiology for Lung Diseases
Interventional Radiology for Musculoskeletal Problems
Interventional Radiology for Emergency Medicine
Interventional Radiology and Clinical Trials
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Interventional Radiology
Interventional Radiology and Personalized Medicine
Challenges and Opportunities in Interventional Radiology
Interventional Radiology: A Global Perspective
Resources for Patients and Professionals
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Interventional Radiology

1. Understanding Interventional Radiology (IR)

Interventional radiology (IR) represents a groundbreaking advancement in modern medicine. Instead of large incisions, IR uses minimally invasive techniques guided by medical imaging to diagnose, treat, and even cure a wide spectrum of diseases. Interventional radiologists are physicians with specialized training who harness the power of imaging technologies, such as X-rays, CT scans, MRI, and ultrasound, to navigate within the body and deliver targeted treatments. This approach translates to less pain, shorter hospital stays, reduced risks, and quicker recovery times for patients.

An angiogram image showcasing the intricate details of blood vessels during an interventional radiology procedure.

2. The Core Principles of Interventional Radiology

At the heart of interventional radiology lies a set of core principles that distinguish it from traditional surgical approaches:

Minimally Invasive: IR procedures are performed through tiny incisions, often just a few millimeters in length. This is achieved using specialized instruments, such as catheters (thin, flexible tubes), needles, and wires.
Image Guidance: Real-time medical imaging is used to guide the interventional radiologist as they navigate these instruments through the body. This allows for precise targeting of the treatment area, minimizing damage to surrounding tissues.
Targeted Therapy: IR treatments are delivered directly to the source of the problem, whether it’s a tumor, a blocked blood vessel, or another abnormality. This focused approach maximizes the effectiveness of the treatment while reducing side effects.
Less Pain and Scarring: Due to the small incisions, patients typically experience less pain and scarring compared to traditional surgery.
Shorter Recovery Times: Because IR procedures are less invasive, patients usually recover much faster and can return to their normal activities sooner.

3. Why Choose Interventional Radiology?

The advantages of interventional radiology are compelling for both patients and healthcare providers:

Reduced Risks: Minimally invasive procedures generally carry lower risks of complications, such as infection and bleeding, compared to open surgery.
Faster Recovery: Patients often experience significantly shorter recovery times, allowing them to resume their daily lives more quickly.
Less Pain: IR procedures are typically associated with less pain, reducing the need for strong pain medications.
Outpatient Procedures: Many IR procedures can be performed on an outpatient basis, meaning patients can go home the same day.
Cost-Effective: IR can often be more cost-effective than traditional surgery due to shorter hospital stays and reduced complications.
Precise Targeting: Image guidance allows for precise delivery of treatment, maximizing its effectiveness and minimizing damage to healthy tissues.

4. Conditions Treated with Interventional Radiology

Interventional radiology plays a vital role in treating a diverse range of medical conditions. Here’s a glimpse into some of the areas where IR shines:

Vascular Disease: Treating blocked arteries (angioplasty and stenting), aneurysms, and blood clots.
Cancer: Delivering chemotherapy directly to tumors (chemoembolization), blocking blood supply to tumors (embolization), and ablating tumors with heat or cold (radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation).
Women’s Health: Treating uterine fibroids (uterine fibroid embolization), pelvic congestion syndrome, and infertility-related issues.
Men’s Health: Treating enlarged prostate (prostatic artery embolization) and varicoceles.
Pain Management: Performing nerve blocks and ablation procedures to alleviate chronic pain.
Liver Disease: Treating liver cancer, cirrhosis complications, and portal hypertension.
Kidney Disease: Treating kidney cancer, renovascular hypertension, and dialysis access problems.
Gastrointestinal Conditions: Treating bleeding ulcers, bowel obstructions, and biliary problems.
Lung Disease: Treating lung cancer, pulmonary embolisms, and airway obstructions.

5. Interventional Radiology Procedures: A Detailed Look

Let’s delve into some common interventional radiology procedures:

Angioplasty and Stenting: This procedure is used to open blocked arteries. A balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into the artery and inflated to widen the blockage. A stent (a small mesh tube) is then placed to keep the artery open.
Embolization: This involves blocking blood flow to a specific area, such as a tumor or a bleeding blood vessel. Tiny particles or coils are injected through a catheter to cut off the blood supply.
Ablation: This technique uses heat (radiofrequency ablation) or cold (cryoablation) to destroy abnormal tissue, such as tumors. A probe is inserted into the tissue, and energy is delivered to ablate the cells.
Thrombolysis: This procedure is used to dissolve blood clots in arteries or veins. A catheter is inserted into the blood vessel, and a clot-dissolving drug is delivered directly to the clot.
Biopsy: A needle is guided through the skin to obtain a tissue sample for diagnostic testing.
Drainage Procedures: Catheters are used to drain fluid collections, such as abscesses or pleural effusions.

Diagram illustrating the uterine fibroid embolization procedure in interventional radiology, showcasing targeted treatment.

6. The Role of Imaging in Interventional Radiology

Medical imaging is the cornerstone of interventional radiology. It allows the interventional radiologist to see inside the body in real-time and guide their instruments with precision. Here are some of the imaging modalities used in IR:

Fluoroscopy: This uses X-rays to create a continuous, real-time image on a screen. It’s often used to guide catheters and wires through blood vessels.
Computed Tomography (CT): This uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body. CT is useful for guiding biopsies and drainage procedures.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): This uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the body. MRI is particularly useful for imaging soft tissues, such as the brain, spine, and liver.
Ultrasound: This uses sound waves to create images of the body. Ultrasound is often used to guide biopsies, drainage procedures, and vascular access.

7. Benefits and Risks of Interventional Radiology

Like all medical procedures, interventional radiology has both benefits and risks.

Benefits:

Minimally invasive
Less pain
Shorter recovery times
Reduced risks compared to open surgery
Outpatient procedures
Cost-effective
Precise targeting of treatment

Risks:

Bleeding
Infection
Blood clots
Allergic reaction to contrast dye
Damage to blood vessels or organs
Radiation exposure

It’s important to discuss the potential benefits and risks of any IR procedure with your doctor to determine if it’s the right option for you.

8. The Interventional Radiology Team: Who’s Involved?

An interventional radiology procedure involves a team of healthcare professionals working together to provide the best possible care:

Interventional Radiologist: The physician who performs the IR procedure. They have specialized training in both diagnostic radiology and interventional techniques.
Radiology Technologist: Assists the interventional radiologist during the procedure, operating the imaging equipment and preparing the patient.
Nurse: Provides care to the patient before, during, and after the procedure. Monitors the patient’s vital signs and administers medications.
Anesthesiologist: May be involved to provide sedation or anesthesia during the procedure.
Referring Physician: The doctor who referred you to the interventional radiologist. They will work with the IR team to coordinate your care.

9. Preparing for an Interventional Radiology Procedure

Preparation for an interventional radiology procedure may vary depending on the specific procedure being performed. However, some general guidelines include:

Medical History: Your doctor will review your medical history, including any allergies, medications, and previous surgeries.
Physical Exam: You may undergo a physical exam to assess your overall health.
Blood Tests: Blood tests may be ordered to check your kidney function, blood clotting ability, and other factors.
Imaging Studies: You may need to undergo additional imaging studies, such as CT scans or MRIs, to help plan the procedure.
Medications: You may need to stop taking certain medications, such as blood thinners, before the procedure. Your doctor will provide specific instructions.
Fasting: You may need to fast for a certain period before the procedure.
Transportation: Arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure.

10. Recovering from an Interventional Radiology Procedure

Recovery from an interventional radiology procedure is generally faster than recovery from traditional surgery. However, it’s important to follow your doctor’s instructions carefully to ensure a smooth recovery:

Wound Care: Keep the incision site clean and dry. Follow your doctor’s instructions for dressing changes.
Pain Management: You may experience some pain or discomfort after the procedure. Your doctor may prescribe pain medication.
Activity Restrictions: Avoid strenuous activities for a certain period. Your doctor will provide specific recommendations.
Follow-Up Appointments: Attend all scheduled follow-up appointments with your doctor.
Monitor for Complications: Watch for signs of complications, such as bleeding, infection, or swelling. Contact your doctor immediately if you experience any concerns.

Illustration of stent placement within a blood vessel during an interventional radiology procedure to treat peripheral artery disease.

11. The Future of Interventional Radiology

Interventional radiology is a rapidly evolving field with a bright future. Ongoing research and technological advancements are expanding the scope of IR and improving patient outcomes. Some exciting areas of development include:

New Imaging Technologies: More advanced imaging techniques, such as molecular imaging, are being developed to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment.
Robotics: Robotic technology is being used to enhance the precision and control of IR procedures.
Nanotechnology: Nanoparticles are being developed to deliver targeted therapies to tumors and other disease sites.
Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI is being used to assist with image analysis, treatment planning, and procedural guidance.

12. Interventional Radiology vs. Traditional Surgery

Interventional radiology offers a compelling alternative to traditional surgery for many conditions. Here’s a comparison of the two approaches:

Feature	Interventional Radiology	Traditional Surgery
Incision Size	Tiny	Large
Invasiveness	Minimally Invasive	Invasive
Pain	Less	More
Recovery Time	Shorter	Longer
Hospital Stay	Shorter/Outpatient	Longer
Risks	Lower	Higher
Scarring	Minimal	Significant
Cost	Often Lower	Often Higher

13. Finding an Interventional Radiologist

Finding a qualified interventional radiologist is essential for ensuring the best possible care. Here are some tips:

Ask Your Doctor: Your primary care physician or specialist can refer you to an interventional radiologist.
Check Board Certification: Make sure the interventional radiologist is board-certified in radiology and interventional radiology.
Review Credentials and Experience: Look for an interventional radiologist with extensive experience in performing the specific procedure you need.
Consider Hospital Affiliation: Choose an interventional radiologist who is affiliated with a reputable hospital or medical center.
Read Online Reviews: Check online reviews to see what other patients have to say about the interventional radiologist.
Schedule a Consultation: Schedule a consultation with the interventional radiologist to discuss your condition and treatment options.

14. Interventional Radiology for Pain Management

Interventional radiology plays a crucial role in managing chronic pain. IR procedures can target the source of pain and provide long-lasting relief. Some common pain management procedures include:

Nerve Blocks: Injecting local anesthetic around a nerve to block pain signals.
Radiofrequency Ablation: Using heat to destroy the nerves that are transmitting pain signals.
Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty: Stabilizing fractured vertebrae with bone cement to relieve pain.
Epidural Steroid Injections: Injecting steroids into the epidural space to reduce inflammation and pain.

15. Interventional Radiology in Oncology

Interventional radiology is an increasingly important tool in the fight against cancer. IR procedures can be used to:

Deliver Chemotherapy Directly to Tumors (Chemoembolization): This allows for higher doses of chemotherapy to be delivered directly to the tumor, while minimizing side effects on the rest of the body.
Block Blood Supply to Tumors (Embolization): This deprives the tumor of oxygen and nutrients, causing it to shrink or die.
Ablate Tumors with Heat or Cold (Radiofrequency Ablation, Cryoablation): This destroys the tumor cells with extreme temperatures.
Place Ports for Chemotherapy Delivery: This allows for easy and reliable access to the bloodstream for chemotherapy administration.
Perform Biopsies: This allows for accurate diagnosis of cancer.

16. Pediatric Interventional Radiology

Interventional radiology is also used to treat a variety of conditions in children. Pediatric interventional radiologists have specialized training in performing IR procedures on infants, children, and adolescents. Some common pediatric IR procedures include:

Central Venous Access: Placing catheters for long-term medication administration or blood draws.
Gastrostomy Tube Placement: Placing a feeding tube into the stomach.
Treatment of Vascular Malformations: Treating abnormal blood vessels.
Biopsies: Obtaining tissue samples for diagnosis.
Drainage Procedures: Draining fluid collections.

17. Interventional Neuroradiology

Interventional neuroradiology is a subspecialty of interventional radiology that focuses on treating conditions of the brain, spine, head, and neck. Some common interventional neuroradiology procedures include:

Treatment of Aneurysms: Blocking off weakened blood vessels in the brain to prevent them from rupturing.
Treatment of Stroke: Removing blood clots from the brain to restore blood flow.
Treatment of Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs): Blocking off abnormal connections between arteries and veins in the brain.
Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty: Stabilizing fractured vertebrae in the spine.

18. Advances in Interventional Radiology Technology

The field of interventional radiology is constantly evolving with new technological advancements. These advancements are leading to more precise, less invasive, and more effective treatments. Some recent advances include:

Cone-Beam CT: This provides higher-resolution imaging during IR procedures.
Robotics: Robotic technology is being used to enhance the precision and control of IR procedures.
New Embolic Agents: New materials are being developed to block blood flow to tumors and other abnormal tissues.
Drug-Eluting Beads: These beads release chemotherapy drugs directly into tumors.

Image depicting a thrombectomy procedure in interventional radiology, illustrating the removal of a blood clot.

19. The Economic Impact of Interventional Radiology

Interventional radiology has a significant economic impact on the healthcare system. IR procedures are often less expensive than traditional surgery due to shorter hospital stays, reduced complications, and faster recovery times. This can lead to significant cost savings for patients, hospitals, and insurance companies.

20. Ethical Considerations in Interventional Radiology

As with all medical procedures, there are ethical considerations involved in interventional radiology. These include:

Informed Consent: Patients must be fully informed about the potential benefits and risks of the procedure before giving their consent.
Patient Safety: Patient safety is paramount in all IR procedures.
Appropriate Use of Technology: IR technology should be used responsibly and ethically.
Access to Care: Ensuring that all patients have access to interventional radiology services, regardless of their socioeconomic status.

21. Interventional Radiology Training and Certification

Interventional radiologists undergo extensive training to develop the skills and knowledge necessary to perform these complex procedures. The training pathway typically includes:

Medical School: Four years of medical school to earn a Doctor of Medicine (MD) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree.
Residency: Four years of residency training in diagnostic radiology.
Fellowship: One to two years of fellowship training in interventional radiology.

After completing their training, interventional radiologists can become board-certified by the American Board of Radiology (ABR).

22. Research and Innovation in Interventional Radiology

Research and innovation are essential for advancing the field of interventional radiology. Researchers are constantly working to develop new techniques, technologies, and treatments to improve patient outcomes. Some areas of active research include:

New Embolic Agents: Developing new materials to block blood flow to tumors and other abnormal tissues.
Drug-Eluting Beads: Developing beads that release chemotherapy drugs directly into tumors.
Robotics: Developing robotic technology to enhance the precision and control of IR procedures.
Artificial Intelligence (AI): Using AI to assist with image analysis, treatment planning, and procedural guidance.

23. Patient Perspectives on Interventional Radiology

Patient perspectives are crucial for understanding the impact of interventional radiology on their lives. Many patients report positive experiences with IR procedures, citing less pain, shorter recovery times, and improved quality of life.

24. Interventional Radiology and Women’s Health

Interventional radiology offers a range of minimally invasive treatments for women’s health conditions, including:

Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE): Blocking blood supply to uterine fibroids to shrink them and relieve symptoms.
Pelvic Congestion Syndrome Treatment: Blocking off abnormal veins in the pelvis that cause chronic pain.
Fallopian Tube Recanalization: Opening blocked fallopian tubes to improve fertility.
Ovarian Vein Embolization: Treating varicose veins in the ovaries.

25. Interventional Radiology for Vascular Diseases

Interventional radiology is a cornerstone of treatment for various vascular diseases, offering minimally invasive solutions for conditions affecting arteries and veins. Common procedures include:

Angioplasty and Stenting: Opening narrowed or blocked arteries, often due to atherosclerosis.
Thrombolysis: Dissolving blood clots in arteries or veins to restore blood flow.
Atherectomy: Removing plaque buildup from arteries.
Treatment of Aneurysms: Repairing weakened blood vessel walls to prevent rupture.
Treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Improving blood flow to the legs and feet.
Dialysis Access Management: Creating and maintaining access sites for hemodialysis.

26. Interventional Radiology for Liver Diseases

IR provides targeted treatments for various liver conditions, often offering alternatives to traditional surgery or liver transplantation. Common procedures include:

Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE): Delivering chemotherapy directly to liver tumors while blocking their blood supply.
Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA): Destroying liver tumors with heat.
Yttrium-90 Radioembolization (also known as Selective Internal Radiation Therapy or SIRT): Delivering radioactive microspheres directly to liver tumors.
Portal Vein Embolization (PVE): Redirecting blood flow in the liver to prepare for surgery.
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS): Creating a connection between the portal vein and the hepatic vein to reduce pressure in the portal system.

27. Interventional Radiology for Kidney Diseases

IR offers minimally invasive solutions for treating various kidney conditions, preserving kidney function and improving patient outcomes. Common procedures include:

Renal Angioplasty and Stenting: Opening narrowed or blocked arteries to the kidneys.
Renal Artery Embolization: Blocking blood flow to kidney tumors or bleeding vessels.
Nephrostomy Tube Placement: Draining urine from the kidney when there is a blockage.
Biopsies: Obtaining tissue samples for diagnosis.

28. Interventional Radiology for Gastrointestinal Conditions

IR can address a range of gastrointestinal problems with minimally invasive techniques, often avoiding the need for surgery. Common procedures include:

Treatment of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Blocking bleeding blood vessels in the stomach, intestines, or rectum.
Placement of Feeding Tubes: Providing nutritional support when patients are unable to eat normally.
Biliary Drainage: Draining bile from the liver when there is a blockage in the bile ducts.
Stent Placement for Bowel Obstructions: Opening blocked sections of the bowel.

29. Interventional Radiology for Lung Diseases

IR offers minimally invasive options for treating various lung conditions, providing relief from symptoms and improving breathing. Common procedures include:

Bronchial Artery Embolization: Blocking bleeding blood vessels in the lungs.
Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism: Removing blood clots from the lungs.
Airway Stenting: Opening narrowed airways to improve breathing.
Pleural Drainage: Draining fluid from the space around the lungs.
Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) of Lung Tumors: Destroying lung tumors with heat.

30. Interventional Radiology for Musculoskeletal Problems

IR offers minimally invasive treatments for various musculoskeletal problems, providing pain relief and improving function. Common procedures include:

Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty: Stabilizing fractured vertebrae to relieve pain.
Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) for Bone Tumors: Destroying bone tumors with heat.
Joint Injections: Injecting medication into joints to reduce pain and inflammation.
Aspiration of Fluid Collections: Draining fluid from cysts or abscesses in the musculoskeletal system.

31. Interventional Radiology for Emergency Medicine

IR plays a vital role in emergency medicine, providing rapid and effective treatments for life-threatening conditions. Common procedures include:

Treatment of Acute Bleeding: Blocking bleeding blood vessels throughout the body.
Pulmonary Embolism Treatment: Removing blood clots from the lungs.
Stroke Intervention: Removing blood clots from the brain to restore blood flow.
Trauma Intervention: Treating injuries to blood vessels and organs caused by trauma.

32. Interventional Radiology and Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are essential for advancing the field of interventional radiology. These trials evaluate new techniques, technologies, and treatments to determine their safety and effectiveness. Patients may have the opportunity to participate in clinical trials to access cutting-edge IR treatments.

33. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Interventional Radiology

Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to revolutionize interventional radiology. AI algorithms can assist with image analysis, treatment planning, and procedural guidance, leading to more precise and efficient treatments. Potential applications of AI in IR include:

Automated Image Analysis: AI can automatically detect and measure abnormalities on medical images.
Treatment Planning: AI can help to plan IR procedures by optimizing the route of catheters and predicting the outcome of treatment.
Robotic Guidance: AI can be used to guide robotic systems during IR procedures.

34. Interventional Radiology and Personalized Medicine

Interventional radiology is moving towards a more personalized approach, tailoring treatments to the individual patient’s needs and characteristics. This involves using advanced imaging techniques, genetic testing, and other tools to predict how a patient will respond to a particular treatment.

35. Challenges and Opportunities in Interventional Radiology

While interventional radiology offers many advantages, there are also challenges that need to be addressed. These include:

Limited Awareness: Many patients and physicians are not aware of the full range of IR treatments available.
Access to Care: Not all patients have access to interventional radiology services.
Training and Education: Continued training and education are essential for interventional radiologists to stay up-to-date with the latest advances.
Reimbursement Issues: Ensuring adequate reimbursement for IR procedures is crucial for the continued growth of the field.

Despite these challenges, there are also many opportunities for growth and innovation in interventional radiology.

36. Interventional Radiology: A Global Perspective

Interventional radiology is practiced around the world, but there are significant differences in access to care and the types of procedures performed. In developed countries, IR is widely available and used to treat a wide range of conditions. In developing countries, access to IR may be limited due to a lack of resources and trained personnel.

37. Resources for Patients and Professionals

There are many resources available for patients and professionals who want to learn more about interventional radiology. These include:

The Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR): A professional organization for interventional radiologists.
The Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE): A European professional organization for interventional radiologists.
RadiologyInfo.org: A website that provides information about radiology procedures for patients.
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38. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Interventional Radiology

Question	Answer
What is the difference between interventional radiology and radiology?	Radiology focuses on diagnosing diseases using imaging techniques, while interventional radiology uses those same imaging techniques to guide minimally invasive treatments.
Is interventional radiology surgery?	While IR involves procedures, it’s not traditional open surgery. It uses small incisions and image guidance.
How do I know if interventional radiology is right for me?	Discuss your condition with your doctor. They can determine if IR is a suitable treatment option based on your individual needs.
What are the risks of interventional radiology?	Like all medical procedures, IR has risks, such as bleeding, infection, and allergic reactions. Your doctor will discuss these risks with you before the procedure.
How long does it take to recover from an interventional radiology procedure?	Recovery times vary depending on the specific procedure, but are generally shorter than with traditional surgery.
Will I need anesthesia for an interventional radiology procedure?	Anesthesia requirements vary depending on the procedure. Some procedures can be performed with local anesthesia, while others may require sedation or general anesthesia.
How much does interventional radiology cost?	The cost of IR varies depending on the procedure and your insurance coverage. Contact your insurance provider for specific information.
Where can I find an interventional radiologist?	Ask your primary care physician for a referral, or search online directories for board-certified interventional radiologists in your area.
Can interventional radiology cure cancer?	IR can be used to treat cancer in a variety of ways, such as delivering chemotherapy directly to tumors or blocking their blood supply. While it may not always be a cure, it can often improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
Is interventional radiology safe for children?	Yes, pediatric interventional radiology is a safe and effective treatment option for many conditions. Pediatric interventional radiologists have specialized training in performing IR procedures on children.

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A dedicated interventional radiology team working collaboratively to provide optimal patient care during a procedure.