Purim is a joyous Jewish festival commemorating the survival of the Jews who, in the 5th century BCE, were marked for death by their Persian rulers. The story of this deliverance is told in the biblical Book of Esther. What Is Purim beyond a historical recounting? It’s a celebration of resilience, courage, and the triumph of good over evil.
Haman, the chief minister of King Ahasuerus, was infuriated by Mordecai, a Jew, who refused to bow down to him. Driven by spite, Haman convinced the king that the Jews living under Persian rule were rebellious and deserved to be slaughtered. He obtained the king’s consent and even set a date for their execution – the 13th day of the month of Adar – by casting lots. He also built a gallows, intending it for Mordecai.
Esther, the Jewish queen of Ahasuerus and Mordecai’s adopted daughter, learned of Haman’s wicked plan. Risking her own life, she approached the king uninvited and requested a banquet, inviting both the king and Haman. During the banquet, Esther revealed her Jewish identity and bravely accused Haman of plotting the annihilation of her people.
The king, enraged by Haman’s treachery, stepped out into the palace gardens. Upon his return, he found Haman pleading with Esther on her couch, misinterpreting it as an attack. In a fit of rage, the king ordered Haman to be hanged on the very gallows he had prepared for Mordecai. Mordecai was then appointed to Haman’s former position.
Esther and Mordecai seized the opportunity and secured a royal edict allowing the Jews throughout the empire to defend themselves against their enemies on Adar 13. The Jews emerged victorious, and the following day was declared a holiday, named Purim, in reference to the lots (Purim) Haman had cast.
The historical accuracy of the Book of Esther has been debated, and the precise origins of the Purim festival are unclear, though evidence suggests it was well-established by the 2nd century CE. Regardless of its exact historical basis, what is Purim today is a vibrant celebration deeply embedded in Jewish tradition.
The observance of Purim typically begins with a day of fasting, known as Ta’anit Esther (Fast of Esther), on Adar 13, the day before Purim. This fast commemorates Esther’s fasting and prayers as she prepared to approach the king.
A central element of the Purim celebration is the reading of the Book of Esther, known as the Megillah, in the synagogue. The congregation actively participates, drowning out Haman’s name with noisemakers called groggers each time it is mentioned. This boisterous tradition adds to the festive and joyous atmosphere.
In addition to the synagogue service, Purim is marked by the exchange of gifts of food and drink, known as mishloach manot, and charitable giving to the poor, called matanot l’evyonim. These acts of kindness and generosity are essential components of the Purim celebration, emphasizing community and compassion.
Over the centuries, many non-religious customs have become associated with Purim. One popular tradition is the baking and eating of three-cornered pastries called hamantaschen (Yiddish for “Haman’s pockets”) or oznei Haman (Hebrew for “Haman’s ears”). These symbolic treats are a delicious reminder of the Purim story. Purim plays, also known as Purimspiels, became popular in the 17th century and continue to be a source of entertainment, particularly for children.
So, what is Purim? It is more than just a recounting of a historical event. It is a vibrant and joyous celebration of Jewish survival, resilience, and the triumph of good over evil. It’s a time for community, charity, and festive revelry. It’s a reminder that even in the face of adversity, hope and joy can prevail.
