Florida, known as the Sunshine State for its abundant sunshine and beautiful beaches, boasts a rich and fascinating history. When discussing this vibrant state, a common question arises: What Is The Capital Of Florida? The answer is Tallahassee. But the story of how Tallahassee became Florida’s capital is as interesting as the city itself, reflecting the state’s early challenges and growth.
The decision to establish Tallahassee as the capital city dates back to 1824, a time when Florida was still a territory of the United States. Prior to this, governing American Florida presented a logistical nightmare. Legislative sessions alternated between St. Augustine and Pensacola, the two principal cities at the time. Imagine the arduous journey for lawmakers! Travel between these cities was not only hazardous but incredibly time-consuming, taking nearly twenty days to traverse the distance. This arrangement was clearly unsustainable for effective governance. Therefore, a more central location was needed.
Alt: 1824 map illustration depicting early Tallahassee, Florida, chosen as the new capital.
Tallahassee was strategically chosen as the capital due to its location roughly midway between St. Augustine and Pensacola. This central position offered a practical solution to the travel difficulties, making it a more accessible meeting point for representatives from across the territory. Initially, the seat of government in Tallahassee was quite humble, starting with just three simple log cabins in 1824. By 1826, a slightly more substantial two-story masonry building, measuring 40′ X 26′, was constructed. This building was envisioned as a wing of a larger Capitol structure planned for the future. However, financial constraints hampered the ambitious expansion, and the larger portion was never completed at that time.
Alt: Drawing of Florida’s Capitol in 1830 Tallahassee, showing a two-story masonry building, the early seat of government.
As Florida progressed towards statehood, the demands on its government grew significantly. The need for a proper state house became increasingly apparent. In response, Congress allocated $20,000 in 1839 to fund the construction of a new Capitol building. The old, inadequate structure was promptly demolished, and government operations were temporarily relocated to rented spaces while construction commenced. By 1845, just in time for Florida’s inauguration as a state, a new brick Capitol building was completed. This brick structure forms the historic core of what is now known as the Old Capitol.
Alt: The Florida Capitol building in 1845, Tallahassee, a brick structure completed just before statehood.
Remarkably, the Capitol remained largely unchanged throughout the tumultuous years of the Civil War. Tallahassee holds the distinction of being the only Confederate capital east of the Mississippi River that was never captured by Union forces during the war. However, as Florida experienced an economic boom and population growth in the 1880s, the Capitol began to show its age. By 1891, the building was in dire need of repair. Renovations were undertaken, including repainting, the addition of a small cupola, and the installation of plumbing, bringing some modernization to the aging structure.
Alt: Photograph of the Florida State Capitol in 1901, Tallahassee, after initial repairs and a small cupola addition.
The first major expansion of the Capitol occurred in 1902 with the addition of two wings to accommodate the expanding state government. It was during this expansion that the iconic dome, now a familiar feature of the Florida Capitol, was added. This marked the last period in Florida’s history when all branches of state government operated under a single roof. By 1911, the increasing size of the government necessitated a move of some state functions to other buildings. Further expansions of the Capitol building followed in 1923, 1936, and 1947, reflecting the continued growth of Florida.
Alt: Aerial view of the Florida Capitol in 1954, Tallahassee, showcasing expansions added through the mid-20th century.
Alt: Modern Florida Capitol Complex in 1977, Tallahassee, including the new 22-story executive office building.
Florida’s relentless population growth and the corresponding increase in demand for government services led to the authorization of a new Capitol Complex in 1972. This ambitious project included dedicated chambers and offices for the House and Senate, as well as a towering twenty-two-story executive office building, completed in 1977. Interestingly, as the new Capitol Complex rose, the fate of the Old Capitol was debated. In 1978, proposals for outright demolition were considered by then-Governor Reubin O’D. Askew and House Speaker Donald Tucker. Fortunately, preservation efforts prevailed, and the Old Capitol was saved and meticulously refurbished. It reopened to the public in 1982, standing as a testament to Florida’s history and a reminder of the journey that led to Tallahassee becoming and remaining the capital of Florida.
In conclusion, Tallahassee stands as the capital of Florida, a decision rooted in practicality and central location in 1824. The city’s Capitol building, evolving from humble log cabins to a sprawling complex, mirrors the dynamic growth and transformation of the Sunshine State itself.
