The Vice President of the United States (VPOTUS), an important figure in the executive branch, is famously known as being a critical safeguard “a heartbeat away from the presidency.” This means the Vice President assumes the presidential duties if the President dies or is impeached. However, the constitution primarily designates the Vice President as the President of the Senate.
Article One, Section Three of the U.S. Constitution states:
“The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.”
As the head of the Senate, the Vice President only votes when Senators are deadlocked in a 50-50 tie. This situation has occurred 243 times with 35 different Vice Presidents. Historically, the Vice President actively presided over Senate proceedings, but now their involvement usually is reserved to break ties.
The Vice President’s other formally recognized duty is overseeing and certifying the electoral college vote count after a presidential election.
Informal Responsibilities of the US Vice President
Beyond formal duties, the VPOTUS has many visible, informal responsibilities. These responsibilities fluctuate based on the President and Vice President’s relationship, but they generally include:
- Representing the President in public appearances.
- Performing ceremonial duties for the President.
- Advising the President on policy and strategy.
- Meeting with foreign heads of state and government.
These informal roles require the Vice President to act as a key advisor and diplomat, often requiring a deep understanding of policy and international relations. The Vice President serves as a representative of the administration, building relationships and communicating the President’s agenda.
Eligibility and Selection of the Vice President
Potential US Vice Presidents must meet specific eligibility requirements:
- Be a natural-born US citizen.
- Be at least 35 years old.
- Have resided in the US for at least 14 years.
Besides these criteria, vice presidential candidates don’t need specific qualifications. Most candidates have served in Congress, held high-ranking military positions, or served as state Governors.
Vice presidential candidates run alongside presidential candidates on a “joint ticket,” meaning voters select a President and Vice President package. Theoretically, each party picks vice presidential candidates at National Conventions post the presidential candidate announcement. In practice, presidential candidates typically choose their running mates. This selection process highlights the importance of compatibility and shared vision between the President and Vice President.
The first US Vice President was John Adams, who served from 1789 to 1797, under President George Washington.
The Evolving Role of the Vice President
The role of the Vice President has evolved significantly over time. Early Vice Presidents like John Adams struggled to define the role, often feeling marginalized and powerless. However, modern Vice Presidents such as Al Gore, Dick Cheney, Joe Biden, and Kamala Harris have played increasingly influential roles in shaping policy and advising the President. This evolution reflects the increasing complexity of the presidency and the need for a trusted advisor and partner. The modern Vice President is often involved in critical decision-making processes, offering a unique perspective and expertise to the President.
In conclusion, while the Vice President’s constitutional duties are limited, the role has grown to encompass significant informal responsibilities. From advising the President to representing the US on the world stage, the Vice President serves a crucial function in the executive branch.
