Bologna, Italy, a city celebrated as a UNESCO World Heritage site, owes much of its unique charm to its extensive network of porticoes. These covered walkways, stretching nearly 62 km, with 40 km residing in the city center, define Bologna’s urban landscape. But What Is The Portico, and why is it so important to Bologna?
By definition, a portico is a covered walkway, typically supported by columns or arches, providing shelter and a public space. In Bologna, their history dates back to the 1100s. The rapid expansion of the University of Bologna created a demand for increased living and working space. Porticoes emerged as a solution, extending private buildings outward to create public areas. These structures quickly evolved into vital spaces for social interaction, trade, and community life, becoming an enduring symbol of Bologna’s welcoming nature.
As you wander through Bologna, you’ll discover a remarkable variety of porticoes, each with its own distinct character and history. From the materials used to the architectural style, the porticoes reflect the evolution of the city itself.
One can find examples constructed from different materials. Some of the oldest examples, dating back to the 13th century, are crafted from wood. A prime example is the Casa Isolani on Strada Maggiore and the porticoes of Via Marsala showcase the beauty and durability of wooden construction.
Another type is the 14th-century “beccadelli,” are semi-porticoes lacking columns. Notable examples include the rear façade of Palazzo d’Accursio and Palazzo Ghisilardi-Fava. These variations demonstrate the adaptability of the portico design to different architectural needs and preferences.
The Portico dei Bastardini in Via D’Azeglio is notable because of its height. It gained its name from an orphanage that was housed beneath its arches until 1797. The portico of the Archiginnasio, known as the ‘Pavaglione’, is another landmark of the city.
The widest portico in Bologna surrounds the basilica of S.Maria dei Servi in Strada Maggiore. This four-sided portico, designed in the late 14th century, offers a grand and spacious covered area. In contrast, the narrowest portico, measuring just 95 cm, is located in Via Sanzanome, a quirky and charming feature of the city’s architectural landscape.
The tallest portico in Bologna is the Portico of Zanichelli, belonging to a famous Bolognese publishing house, on Via Irnerio, reaching a height of 12.94 meters. Despite common misconceptions attributing the title to the Portico in Via Altabella (10.02 meters) or the wooden Portico of Casa Isolani (12.58 meters), the Portico of Zanichelli rightfully holds the record.
Beyond the city’s main streets extends the porticoed path of Via Saragozza. This marks the beginning of the most famous portico in Bologna and the longest continuous portico in the world, leading to the Sanctuary of the Madonna of San Luca. Starting from the first arch of Porta Saragozza, the portico ascends to the Arco del Meloncello and continues up Monte della Guardia. This remarkable structure comprises 666 arches and stretches nearly 4 km, offering a sheltered pilgrimage route to the sanctuary.
The porticoes of Bologna are more than just architectural features; they are integral to the city’s identity, history, and social fabric. From their humble beginnings as practical extensions of buildings to their current status as UNESCO World Heritage sites, the porticoes embody Bologna’s unique spirit and cultural heritage. They are a testament to the city’s ability to blend the private and public spheres, creating a welcoming and vibrant urban environment for all. When visiting Bologna, be sure to take a stroll beneath these iconic arches and experience the true essence of the city.
