For centuries, the concept of the Seven Wonders of the World has captured our imaginations, sparking a desire to explore the most extraordinary creations of humankind and nature. From ancient historians to modern-day adventurers, the quest to witness these marvels has driven travel and inspired awe. But what exactly are these legendary destinations, and why do they continue to fascinate us?
This guide delves into the captivating world of the Seven Wonders, exploring the original list from antiquity, the more recent selections of New and Natural Wonders, and offering insights into why these sites deserve a place on every traveler’s bucket list.
The Original Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
The earliest list of Seven Wonders served as a guide to the most remarkable architectural and artistic achievements of the ancient world, primarily focused around the Mediterranean and Middle East. Of these original wonders, only one still stands today, while others exist as ruins or solely in historical accounts.
1. Colossus of Rhodes
Once a towering symbol of Greek ingenuity, the Colossus of Rhodes was a statue of the sun god Helios, standing approximately 108 feet tall. Erected in the city of Rhodes, on the Greek island of the same name, it guarded the harbor entrance at Mandraki. Tragically, this colossal bronze statue was toppled by an earthquake in 226 B.C., less than sixty years after its completion.
Today, no remnants of the Colossus exist, but visitors to Rhodes can still explore the Mandraki Harbor. Instead of the mighty Helios, bronze statues of deer, symbols of Rhodes, now mark the harbor entrance. The area remains a vibrant marina, popular with yachts and cruise ships. Inland from the harbor, the medieval windmills and the Castle of Saint Nicholaos add to the historical richness of Rhodes, a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site.
2. Great Pyramid of Giza
The Great Pyramid of Giza, located in Egypt, is the sole survivor of the original Seven Wonders and a testament to the incredible engineering prowess of ancient Egyptians. As the largest of the three pyramids at Giza, it held the record for the tallest man-made structure for over 3,800 years. Despite some erosion over millennia, its imposing presence continues to inspire awe.
Visitors can enter the Great Pyramid on guided tours, though climbing the exterior is prohibited to preserve its structure. Nearby, the enigmatic Sphinx, while not officially listed as one of the Seven Wonders, is an unmissable companion to the pyramids, adding another layer of ancient mystery to the Giza plateau.
3. Hanging Gardens of Babylon
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, potentially located in present-day Iraq, are shrouded in mystery and debate. Legend attributes their construction around 600 B.C. to King Nebuchadnezzar II as a gift for his wife, Queen Amytis of Media. These gardens were described as a breathtaking tiered oasis of lush vegetation, a remarkable contrast to the arid Babylonian landscape.
The engineering required to create such a verdant spectacle in the desert would have been revolutionary for the time, involving sophisticated irrigation systems. However, the very existence of the Hanging Gardens remains contested. Some historians believe they are mythical, creations of Greek and Roman writers, while others suggest they were real but may have been located in Nineveh instead of Babylon.
4. The Lighthouse of Alexandria
An architectural inspiration for lighthouses worldwide, the Lighthouse of Alexandria was erected in Egypt around 280 B.C. At the time, it was second in height only to the Great Pyramid, serving as both a navigational beacon and a military watchtower. For centuries, it guided ships into the bustling harbor of Alexandria.
The Lighthouse succumbed to earthquakes during the Middle Ages, eventually being replaced by a mosque. Centuries later, a fort was constructed using its ruins. While the lighthouse itself is lost, underwater archaeological explorations have recovered some of its remnants from the sea. Plans for an underwater museum to showcase these artifacts have been discussed for years, and in the meantime, Alexandria offers numerous snorkeling and scuba diving tours for history enthusiasts to explore its submerged past.
5. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
Located in modern-day Bodrum, Turkey, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was an elaborate tomb built for Mausolus, a satrap in the Persian Empire, around 350 B.C. This monumental structure was renowned for its artistic ornamentation, including sculptures and reliefs, and featured a grand statue of Mausolus and his queen in a chariot atop the roof.
The Mausoleum stood for centuries until it was destroyed by earthquakes in the 15th century A.D., with the final blow delivered by Crusaders in 1522 A.D. Today, a museum in Bodrum displays plaster casts of surviving marble reliefs. However, to view the original reliefs and statues, one must visit the British Museum in London, which houses significant recovered pieces.
6. Statue of Zeus at Olympia
The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was a magnificent seated sculpture of the king of the gods in Greek mythology. Standing approximately 41 feet tall, it was crafted by the renowned sculptor Phidias around 435 B.C. and housed in the Temple of Zeus in Olympia, Greece. The statue was constructed from ivory plates and gold panels over a wooden framework, depicting Zeus enthroned and exuding power and majesty.
For over 800 years, the Statue of Zeus inspired awe in visitors to Olympia. It is believed to have been lost to fire, possibly in Constantinople, centuries after the sanctuary at Olympia was closed. While the statue is gone, the Archaeological Museum of Olympia holds an impressive collection of artifacts from the sanctuary and the Olympic Games, offering a glimpse into the site’s rich history.
7. Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
Dedicated to the Greek goddess Artemis, the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus (near present-day Selçuk, Turkey) was originally built around 800 B.C. It underwent several reconstructions, each iteration aiming to surpass the previous in grandeur. The most famous version, rebuilt after arson in the 4th century B.C., was celebrated for its immense size and ornate marble sculptures.
This magnificent temple, considered one of the largest temples in the ancient world, did not survive the rise of Christianity. It was ultimately destroyed in 268 A.D. In 1869, John Turtle Wood unearthed the temple’s remains, and many significant artifacts are now housed in the British Museum. Visitors to the archaeological site of Ephesus can still see the temple ruins and imagine its former splendor.
The New Seven Wonders of the World
In 2007, a global poll determined the New Seven Wonders of the World, representing a more contemporary selection of remarkable man-made structures that are still standing and accessible today. These wonders are vibrant tourist destinations, drawing millions annually to witness their magnificence.
1. Great Wall of China
Often cited as the longest man-made structure on Earth, the Great Wall of China is actually a series of fortifications built over centuries across northern China and southern Mongolia. The most visited and well-preserved sections date primarily from the Ming Dynasty (14th-17th centuries).
Spanning thousands of miles, the Great Wall was constructed to defend against invasions and control borders. Its construction involved diverse materials, from stone to earth and wood, adapting to the varied terrain. The section at Mutianyu, a short drive from Beijing, is highly recommended for its well-restored paths and fewer crowds compared to more popular sections.
2. Christ the Redeemer Statue
An iconic symbol of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the Christ the Redeemer statue stands atop Corcovado Mountain, overlooking the city and Guanabara Bay. Completed in 1931, this Art Deco statue is approximately 125 feet tall (including its pedestal) and its outstretched arms span 92 feet.
Reaching the statue is an experience in itself, with options including a scenic train ride through Tijuca National Park or hiking trails. The statue offers panoramic views, especially breathtaking at sunrise or sunset. Visiting early in the day is advisable to avoid large crowds.
3. Machu Picchu
Often called the “Lost City of the Incas,” Machu Picchu is a 15th-century Inca citadel located high in the Andes Mountains of Peru. Its remote location allowed it to remain largely unknown to the outside world until its rediscovery in the early 20th century.
Machu Picchu is believed to have been a royal estate or sacred religious site. Its remarkably preserved stone structures showcase Inca architectural mastery and its stunning mountain setting enhances its mystique. Visitors can reach Machu Picchu by hiking the Inca Trail or via train, both offering incredible views of the surrounding Andean landscape.
4. Chichén Itzá
Located in Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula, Chichén Itzá was a major center of the Mayan civilization. This pre-Columbian city flourished from around the 9th to 12th centuries AD and showcases a blend of Mayan and Toltec architectural styles.
The most famous structure is El Castillo, a stepped pyramid dedicated to the god Kukulcan. Other notable sites include the Great Ball Court, the Temple of Warriors, and the Observatory. The Sacred Cenote, a natural sinkhole, was of significant religious importance to the Maya, contributing to the city’s name, meaning “At the mouth of the well of the Itza people.”
5. Roman Colosseum
The Colosseum in Rome, Italy, is an enduring symbol of ancient Roman engineering and entertainment. This elliptical amphitheater, completed in 80 AD, could hold an estimated 50,000 to 80,000 spectators and was primarily used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles.
The Colosseum’s freestanding structure, innovative use of vaults and concrete, and complex network of underground passages made it an architectural marvel of its time. Visitors can explore the Colosseum through self-guided tours or guided experiences that offer access to areas like the underground levels and upper tiers.
6. Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal, located in Agra, India, is a breathtaking ivory-white marble mausoleum commissioned in 1632 by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan to house the tomb of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It is widely regarded as a masterpiece of Mughal architecture and a symbol of eternal love.
The Taj Mahal is renowned for its symmetrical design, intricate pietra dura inlay work with precious and semi-precious stones, and beautiful gardens. Visiting at sunrise or early morning is recommended to avoid crowds and experience the monument in softer light.
7. Petra
Petra, also known as the “Rose City” for the color of the sandstone from which it is carved, is an ancient city located in Jordan. Inhabited since prehistoric times, it rose to prominence as the capital of the Nabataean Kingdom and a crucial trading hub.
Petra’s most iconic feature is Al-Khazneh (The Treasury), a magnificent facade carved directly into a sandstone cliff face. The city also encompasses numerous tombs, temples, and dwellings carved into the rock. Exploring Petra requires walking and hiking, and multi-day tickets are recommended to fully appreciate its vastness and beauty.
The Seven Natural Wonders of the World
Beyond human creations, the Earth itself boasts spectacular natural wonders. These Seven Natural Wonders represent some of the most awe-inspiring phenomena shaped by geological processes and natural forces.
1. Grand Canyon
Carved by the Colorado River over millions of years, the Grand Canyon in Arizona, USA, is a colossal gorge renowned for its immense scale, geological history, and vibrant colors. It is approximately 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide, and over a mile deep.
The Grand Canyon’s layered rock formations reveal billions of years of Earth’s history. The South Rim of Grand Canyon National Park is the most accessible and popular area for visitors, offering iconic viewpoints and facilities. The North Rim provides a different perspective with fewer crowds but is closed during winter months due to snow.
2. Great Barrier Reef
Located off the coast of Queensland, Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is the world’s largest coral reef system, composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over 1,400 miles. It is renowned for its incredible biodiversity and stunning underwater beauty.
The reef is home to thousands of species of fish, coral, mollusks, and marine mammals, including the “Great Eight” iconic creatures. Snorkeling and diving are popular ways to experience the reef’s wonders, with numerous responsible tour operators available. Helicopter tours and island visits offer alternative perspectives for those who prefer to stay dry.
3. Harbor at Rio de Janeiro
The Harbor at Rio de Janeiro, also known as Guanabara Bay, in Brazil, is the largest deep-water harbor in the world by volume. Its dramatic beauty is enhanced by the surrounding granite monoliths, including Sugarloaf Mountain and Corcovado Mountain (home to Christ the Redeemer).
The harbor’s expansive size and scenic setting make it a natural wonder. Panoramic views from Sugarloaf and Corcovado mountains offer the best appreciation of its scale. Rio’s famous beaches, including Copacabana and Ipanema, line the harbor’s edge, though less crowded beaches like Praia Vermelha and Grumari offer more tranquil experiences.
4. Mount Everest
Mount Everest, located in the Himalayas on the border between Nepal and Tibet (China), is the Earth’s highest peak above sea level, standing at 29,032 feet. Its imposing height and challenging climbing conditions have made it a legendary destination for mountaineers.
Known as Chomolungma in Tibetan (“Goddess Mother of the World”) and Sagarmatha in Sanskrit (“Peak of Heaven”), Everest holds deep cultural significance. While summiting Everest is an extreme undertaking, trekking to Everest Base Camp is a more accessible, albeit still challenging, adventure. Sagarmatha National Park offers opportunities to experience the Everest region’s stunning landscapes and unique Sherpa culture.
5. Northern Lights
The Northern Lights, or Aurora Borealis, is a breathtaking natural light display visible in high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Caused by solar particles interacting with the Earth’s atmosphere, these shimmering curtains of light paint the night sky with vibrant colors, primarily greens, pinks, and purples.
Viewing the Northern Lights is a sought-after experience, requiring dark skies away from light pollution and favorable solar activity. Destinations like Iceland, Norway, Canada, and Alaska offer prime viewing opportunities, particularly during winter months.
6. Parícutin Volcano
Parícutin Volcano, located in Michoacán, Mexico, is a unique natural wonder due to its recent and rapid formation. It dramatically emerged from a cornfield in 1943 and erupted for nine years, reaching a height of 1,391 feet before becoming dormant.
Parícutin provides a remarkable example of volcanic formation and the Earth’s dynamic nature. Visitors can hike or horseback ride to the volcano’s cone and explore the lava-buried ruins of the village of San Juan Parangaricutiro, with only the church spire still visible above the lava field.
7. Victoria Falls
Victoria Falls, located on the Zambezi River at the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe in Africa, is one of the world’s largest waterfalls. Known locally as Mosi-oa-Tunya (“The Smoke that Thunders”), it is renowned for its immense curtain of water, thunderous roar, and misty spray.
Victoria Falls is approximately 5,604 feet wide and 354 feet high, significantly larger than Niagara Falls. Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park (Zambia) and Victoria Falls National Park (Zimbabwe) offer different perspectives and experiences of the falls. Devil’s Pool, a natural rock pool on the Zambian side, provides an adrenaline-pumping swim right on the edge of the falls (during certain times of year).
Protecting Your Wonderful Adventures
Embarking on a journey to witness the Seven Wonders of the World is an incredible aspiration. However, international travel inherently carries uncertainties. To ensure peace of mind and financial security during your explorations, travel insurance is highly recommended.
Travel insurance can provide coverage for unexpected events such as trip cancellations, medical emergencies, lost luggage, and travel delays. Consider exploring travel insurance options at SevenCorners.com to find a plan that suits your adventure and budget. For personalized guidance, licensed travel insurance agents are available to assist you in choosing the right coverage for your trip.
