A sexually transmitted infection (STI) is caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites transmitted through sexual contact. A sexually transmitted disease (STD) develops as a result of an STI, implying that the infection has progressed to cause noticeable symptoms. Although the terms are often used interchangeably, there’s a subtle but important distinction.
The focus of public health and healthcare is to prevent and treat infections before they manifest as diseases. Consequently, many organizations, including the CDC, are increasingly favoring the term STI. However, STD remains in use when referencing data or information from sources that still use the term. The key takeaway: an STI doesn’t always mean you have an STD, but an STD always starts as an STI.
Common Types of STIs
There are numerous STIs. Some of the most common STIs that spread primarily through sexual contact include:
- Chlamydia
- Gonorrhea
- Syphilis
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
- Trichomoniasis
These infections can affect various parts of the body and lead to different health complications if left untreated.
Signs, Symptoms, and the Importance of Testing
Many STIs present no symptoms or only mild symptoms, leading individuals to be unaware of their infection. This is why regular STI testing is crucial for sexually active individuals.
If you receive a positive STI diagnosis, it’s important to remember that most STIs are treatable with medication, and some are entirely curable. Early detection and treatment are key to preventing long-term health problems.
How STIs Spread
STIs are transmitted from one person to another through vaginal, oral, and anal sex. While less common, they can also spread through intimate physical contact, such as heavy petting. Understanding how STIs spread is crucial for practicing safe sex and preventing transmission.
Related Conditions
Some related conditions that are often transmitted sexually include:
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): An infection of the female reproductive organs.
- Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis in men.
- Prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate gland.
Other conditions can sometimes be spread through sexual transmission, such as:
- Hepatitis A, B, and C: Viral infections that affect the liver.
- Shigellosis: A bacterial infection that causes diarrhea.
- Giardiasis: A parasitic infection that causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
It’s important to note that other diseases, including Zika, Ebola, and mpox, can be spread sexually, but they are more often transmitted through other means.
In conclusion, understanding the difference between STIs and STDs, practicing safe sex, and getting tested regularly are crucial for maintaining sexual health and preventing the spread of infections. Early detection and treatment can prevent serious health complications and improve overall well-being.
