Understanding COVID-19 and the Importance of Testing
Identifying whether you have COVID-19 is the crucial first step in deciding the best course of action. Testing allows you to make informed decisions regarding treatment to lessen the severity of illness and take necessary precautions to prevent further spread of the virus to those around you.
For convenient and immediate testing, every household in the U.S. can still order free at-home COVID-19 tests. These rapid tests provide quick results, allowing you to promptly seek treatment if needed.
Learn More and Order Your Tests
Early intervention is key when it comes to treating COVID-19. Antiviral medications, which are prescribed by healthcare providers, are most effective when started within 5 to 7 days of symptom onset. If you suspect you have COVID-19, especially if you are in a high-risk group, it’s critical to consult with your healthcare provider immediately to discuss testing and treatment options, even if your symptoms seem mild. If you do not have a regular healthcare provider, local pharmacies, community health centers, and health departments are valuable resources for guidance and support.
Why Timely Treatment Matters
Acting quickly is essential because COVID-19 treatments are most effective in the early stages of infection. The window for starting antiviral medications is typically within the first 5 to 7 days of experiencing symptoms.
Individuals at higher risk of severe COVID-19 illness include:
- Older adults
- Individuals with underlying medical conditions (such as heart disease, lung disease, diabetes, or obesity)
- People who are immunocompromised
Vaccination remains a cornerstone of protection against COVID-19. Staying up-to-date with COVID-19 vaccinations significantly reduces the risk of severe illness, hospitalization, and death. Even for vaccinated individuals, antiviral treatments can provide an additional layer of protection, further minimizing the risk of serious outcomes, particularly for those in high-risk categories.
COVID-19 Treatment Options: Antiviral Medications
The FDA has authorized and approved several antiviral medications to treat mild to moderate COVID-19 in individuals who are at increased risk of progressing to severe illness. These treatments are designed to reduce viral replication, thereby lessening the severity and duration of the infection.
| Treatment | Who (High-Risk Individuals) | When | How |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nirmatrelvir with Ritonavir (Paxlovid) (Oral Antiviral) |
Adults; Children ages 12+ | Start ASAP, within 5 days of symptom onset | Oral medication, taken at home |
| Veklury (remdesivir) (Antiviral) |
Adults and Children | Start ASAP, within 7 days of symptom onset | Intravenous (IV) infusion, administered in healthcare facility |
| Molnupiravir (Lagevrio) (Oral Antiviral) |
Adults | Start ASAP, within 5 days of symptom onset | Oral medication, taken at home |
It’s important to be aware that some COVID-19 treatments may have potential side effects or interact with other medications you are currently taking. Side effects can vary depending on the specific medication. For instance, Paxlovid is known to sometimes cause a temporary metallic taste in the mouth, which resolves after completing the treatment. Paxlovid also has a higher potential for drug interactions compared to other COVID-19 antivirals. Therefore, it is crucial to discuss all medications you are taking with your healthcare provider or pharmacist to ensure the safe use of COVID-19 treatments.
For individuals who require hospitalization due to COVID-19, healthcare providers may utilize a broader range of treatments depending on the severity of the illness. These may include medications that directly target the virus, therapies to modulate an overactive immune response, or treatments to manage specific COVID-19 complications.
Patients with weakened immune systems who have received antiviral treatment but continue to experience persistent COVID-19 symptoms may be recommended for additional therapies, such as convalescent plasma, under the guidance of their healthcare provider.
How to Access COVID-19 Treatments
To locate testing and treatment centers or pharmacies where you can fill prescriptions for COVID-19 medications, you can use the Treatment Locator (hhs.gov) or call 1-800-232-0233 (TTY 1-888-720-7489) for assistance.
Understanding Treatment Costs and Assistance Programs
It’s important to know that financial assistance is available to make COVID-19 oral antiviral treatments like Paxlovid and Lagevrio more affordable for eligible individuals. Patient assistance programs are designed to help those who are uninsured, underinsured, or enrolled in Medicare or Medicaid reduce their out-of-pocket expenses for these medications. Enrolling in these programs can help you determine if you qualify for assistance, regardless of your insurance status. It’s always recommended to proactively contact your healthcare provider and insurance provider to confirm your coverage eligibility.
It is critical to only use approved and authorized medications for COVID-19. Using unproven products, even if approved for other conditions, can be dangerous and has resulted in serious harm and even death. The right medications for COVID-19 are essential for reducing the risk of severe illness. Always consult with a healthcare provider to discuss appropriate treatment options for COVID-19.
Alt text: A doctor discusses COVID-19 treatment options with a patient, emphasizing the importance of seeking medical advice.
Preventing COVID-19: Vaccines and Prophylaxis
COVID-19 Vaccines: Your First Line of Defense
Vaccination is the primary strategy for preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes. Antiviral treatments are not intended to replace COVID-19 vaccinations; instead, they serve as a therapeutic intervention after infection occurs.
COVID-19 vaccines available in the United States are highly effective in preventing serious illness, hospitalization, and death. For optimal protection, it’s crucial to stay up to date with recommended COVID-19 vaccinations, including boosters.
Free COVID-19 vaccines are widely accessible through various channels, including private health insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, public health safety net programs, and the CDC’s Vaccines for Children Program.
Find your free COVID-19 vaccine
Individuals with weakened immune systems, who are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 and may have a reduced response to vaccines, might require additional vaccine doses to achieve adequate protection.
Learn More: Vaccines for Moderately to Severely Immunocompromised People
In addition to vaccination, practicing fundamental prevention measures is essential in limiting the spread of COVID-19. These include core prevention strategies such as maintaining good hand hygiene, improving indoor air quality, and staying home when you are feeling unwell.
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: Preventive Medication
For certain high-risk individuals, particularly those who are moderately or severely immunocompromised, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with a monoclonal antibody medication can offer an extra layer of protection against COVID-19.
The FDA has authorized Pemivibart (Pemgarda™) as a preventive monoclonal antibody for individuals aged 12 years and older, weighing at least 88 pounds, and who are moderately or severely immunocompromised. Pemivibart (Pemgarda™) can be administered at least 2 weeks after COVID-19 vaccination to provide ongoing protection.
Pemgarda is administered by a healthcare provider as a single intravenous infusion over approximately 60 minutes in a clinical setting. For continued protection, repeat doses are typically given every 3 months.
For individuals with private insurance or Medicare Part B, Pemgarda may be available at no cost. Consult with your healthcare provider to determine if Pemgarda is appropriate for your situation. The CDC is continuously monitoring emerging COVID-19 variants and assessing their potential impact on the effectiveness of Pemgarda. The FDA will provide updates regarding the Emergency Use Authorization for Pemgarda as new information becomes available. Currently, Pemgarda is the only preventive medication option specifically authorized for COVID-19 for the immunocompromised population as described.
Alt text: Illustration emphasizing vaccination as the primary method for COVID-19 prevention and protection against severe illness.
Recovery After COVID-19 Infection
Managing COVID-19 Symptoms at Home
The majority of individuals who contract COVID-19 experience a mild illness and can successfully recover at home. Over-the-counter medications, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil), can be effective in managing symptoms like fever, pain, and discomfort.
Understanding COVID-19 Rebound
COVID-19 rebound refers to the recurrence of symptoms or a new positive COVID-19 test result within 3 to 7 days after:
- Initial recovery from COVID-19 illness, or
- Previously testing negative for SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19.
COVID-19 rebound can occur regardless of whether an individual received antiviral medication. Symptoms associated with rebound are usually mild and typically resolve within a few days.
Research indicates that there is no increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 illness in individuals who experience COVID-19 rebound following antiviral treatment.
The benefits of receiving COVID-19 treatment, particularly if you are at high risk for severe illness, outweigh the potential risk of rebound. If you suspect you may be experiencing rebound, it’s advisable to contact your healthcare provider for guidance. If you do not have a healthcare provider, reach out to your local community health center or health department for assistance.
Resources for COVID-19 Information
General Treatment Resources
- Treatment Locator (hhs.gov)
- Call 1-800-232-0233 (TTY 1-888-720-7489)
