What Is the World’s Smallest Country? Size and Facts

What is the world’s smallest country? Discover the fascinating microstates and sovereign nations, like Vatican City, that pack history, culture, and influence into surprisingly small areas. At WHAT.EDU.VN, get your geographical curiosities satisfied and explore unique facts. Learn about their unique cultures, economies, and political systems with our expert insights into global demographics and geopolitical significance.

1. Unveiling the World’s Tiniest Nation: Vatican City

Vatican City, officially known as the Holy See, undoubtedly holds the title of the world’s smallest country. Nestled within the heart of Rome, Italy, this independent city-state spans a mere 0.17 square miles (0.44 square kilometers). Despite its diminutive size, Vatican City wields immense influence as the spiritual and administrative center of the Roman Catholic Church.

1.1 A Historical Overview

The origins of Vatican City trace back to the 4th century when Emperor Constantine constructed the first basilica over the tomb of Saint Peter. Over the centuries, the papacy gradually acquired temporal power, culminating in the establishment of the Papal States. However, the unification of Italy in the 19th century threatened the Church’s sovereignty.

The Lateran Treaty of 1929, signed between the Holy See and the Kingdom of Italy, officially established Vatican City as an independent state. This treaty recognized the Pope’s sovereignty over the Vatican territory, guaranteeing its neutrality and independence from Italian rule.

1.2 Governmental Structure and Administration

Vatican City operates as an absolute ecclesiastical monarchy, with the Pope serving as its head of state. The Pope exercises supreme legislative, executive, and judicial power within the Vatican.

The day-to-day administration of Vatican City is managed by the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State, appointed by the Pope. This commission oversees various aspects of governance, including infrastructure, security, and financial matters.

1.3 Population and Citizenship

Vatican City has a unique demographic profile, with a population of approximately 800 residents. Unlike most countries, Vatican citizenship is not based on birthright but rather on appointment. Citizenship is primarily granted to individuals who reside in Vatican City due to their office or employment, such as clergy, diplomats, and members of the Swiss Guard.

Interestingly, Vatican citizenship is not permanent. It is typically revoked when an individual no longer serves in their official capacity or resides within the Vatican.

1.4 Economic Activities and Resources

Despite its small size and limited population, Vatican City boasts a surprisingly diverse economy. The Vatican’s primary sources of revenue include:

  • Donations: Contributions from Catholics worldwide constitute a significant portion of the Vatican’s income.
  • Tourism: Millions of tourists visit Vatican City each year to explore its iconic landmarks, generating revenue through entrance fees, souvenirs, and accommodations.
  • Investments: The Vatican manages a substantial investment portfolio, which generates income through dividends, interest, and capital gains.
  • Philatelic and Numismatic Sales: The Vatican issues its own stamps and coins, which are highly sought after by collectors.

1.5 Landmarks and Cultural Heritage

Vatican City is home to some of the world’s most iconic landmarks, attracting millions of visitors annually. Some notable attractions include:

  • St. Peter’s Basilica: A masterpiece of Renaissance architecture, St. Peter’s Basilica is one of the largest and most revered churches in the world.
  • Vatican Museums: Housing an extensive collection of art and artifacts, the Vatican Museums showcase the rich history and cultural heritage of the Catholic Church.
  • Sistine Chapel: Adorned with breathtaking frescoes by Michelangelo, the Sistine Chapel is a masterpiece of Renaissance art and a sacred space for religious ceremonies.
    :max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/michelangelo-sistine-chapel-ceiling-5c6a2120c97c650001e18dca.jpg “Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel ceiling, a masterpiece of Renaissance art, attracts countless visitors to Vatican City each year.”)

1.6 Influence and Significance

Despite its small size, Vatican City exerts considerable influence on global affairs, particularly in matters of religion, ethics, and human rights. The Pope serves as a moral leader for over 1.3 billion Catholics worldwide, and the Vatican maintains diplomatic relations with numerous countries.

The Vatican also plays a significant role in international organizations, advocating for peace, justice, and sustainable development. Its voice is often heard on issues such as poverty, climate change, and religious freedom.

2. Monaco: A Glamorous Microstate on the French Riviera

Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco, is the second-smallest country in the world, covering a mere 0.78 square miles (2.02 square kilometers). This glamorous microstate is nestled along the French Riviera in southeastern France, renowned for its luxurious casinos, stunning coastline, and prestigious events like the Monaco Grand Prix.

2.1 Historical Background

Monaco’s history dates back to ancient times, with evidence of human habitation dating back to the Paleolithic era. In the 13th century, the Grimaldi family, a prominent Genoese lineage, seized control of Monaco, establishing a dynasty that continues to rule the principality to this day.

Over the centuries, Monaco has navigated a complex web of alliances and treaties, maintaining its independence while forging close ties with France. In 1861, Monaco officially became a French protectorate, solidifying its relationship with its powerful neighbor.

2.2 Governmental Structure and Royal Family

Monaco operates as a constitutional monarchy, with the Prince of Monaco serving as its head of state. The Prince exercises executive power, while the National Council, a unicameral legislature, is responsible for enacting laws.

The Grimaldi family has ruled Monaco for over seven centuries, with the current Prince, Albert II, ascending to the throne in 2005. The royal family plays a prominent role in Monegasque society, representing the principality at international events and supporting various charitable causes.

2.3 Economy and Tourism

Monaco boasts a thriving economy, driven primarily by tourism, finance, and real estate. The principality’s favorable tax laws and strategic location have attracted wealthy residents and businesses from around the world.

Tourism is a major industry in Monaco, drawing visitors with its luxurious hotels, casinos, and world-class events. The Monte Carlo Casino, a symbol of Monegasque glamour, is a popular destination for high-rollers and tourists alike.

2.4 Attractions and Events

Monaco offers a diverse range of attractions and events, catering to a discerning clientele. Some notable highlights include:

  • Monte Carlo Casino: A legendary casino and entertainment complex, offering a variety of gaming options and opulent surroundings.
  • Monaco Grand Prix: A prestigious Formula One race held annually on the streets of Monaco, attracting racing enthusiasts from around the globe.
  • Oceanographic Museum: A renowned marine science museum, showcasing a vast collection of marine life and exhibits.
  • Prince’s Palace: The official residence of the Prince of Monaco, offering guided tours and historical insights.

2.5 Quality of Life and Demographics

Monaco enjoys a high standard of living, with excellent healthcare, education, and infrastructure. The principality is known for its safety, cleanliness, and stunning natural beauty.

Monaco has a diverse population, with a significant proportion of residents hailing from France, Italy, and other European countries. The official language is French, but English and Italian are also widely spoken.

3. Nauru: The Smallest Island Nation in the World

Nauru, officially the Republic of Nauru, holds the distinction of being the world’s smallest island nation, encompassing a mere 8.1 square miles (21 square kilometers). Located in the Micronesian South Pacific, Nauru is an isolated and unique country with a fascinating history and culture.

3.1 Historical Context

Nauru’s history is intertwined with phosphate mining, which dominated the island’s economy for much of the 20th century. The island was initially inhabited by Micronesian and Polynesian peoples, who developed a distinct culture and social structure.

In the late 19th century, Nauru came under German rule, followed by Australian administration after World War I. Phosphate mining began in the early 20th century, transforming the island’s economy and environment.

Nauru gained independence in 1968, becoming the world’s smallest independent republic. The phosphate industry generated substantial wealth for Nauru in the 1970s and 1980s, but mismanagement and environmental degradation led to economic decline in subsequent decades.

3.2 Geography and Environment

Nauru is a raised phosphate rock island, surrounded by a narrow coastal plain. The island’s interior is dominated by a plateau, which was heavily mined for phosphate.

Phosphate mining has had a significant impact on Nauru’s environment, leaving much of the island’s interior barren and infertile. The island faces challenges related to water scarcity, soil erosion, and climate change.

3.3 Economy and Challenges

Nauru’s economy has struggled since the decline of the phosphate industry. The island has sought alternative sources of revenue, including fishing, tourism, and offshore financial services.

Australia provides significant aid to Nauru, supporting essential services such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure. Nauru has also faced challenges related to governance, corruption, and social issues.

3.4 Culture and Society

Nauruan culture is rooted in Micronesian and Polynesian traditions, with a strong emphasis on community and family ties. The Nauruan language is spoken by most residents, and English is also widely used.

Traditional Nauruan society was based on a clan system, with land ownership and social status determined by lineage. Today, Nauruan society is undergoing modernization, with increasing exposure to global influences.

3.5 Unique Aspects

Nauru presents several unique aspects that distinguish it from other nations:

  • Smallest Island Nation: As the world’s smallest island nation, Nauru holds a unique geographical and political status.
  • Phosphate Mining History: Nauru’s history is closely tied to phosphate mining, which shaped its economy and environment.
  • Economic Challenges: Nauru faces significant economic challenges due to the decline of the phosphate industry and limited resources.
  • Cultural Preservation: Efforts are underway to preserve Nauruan culture and traditions in the face of modernization.

4. Tuvalu: A Vulnerable Nation Facing Climate Change

Tuvalu, formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island country located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. Comprising nine low-lying atolls, Tuvalu is the fourth-smallest country in the world, with a total land area of about 10 square miles (26 square kilometers). Its highest point is only 15 feet (4.6 meters) above sea level, making it extremely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and rising sea levels.

4.1 Historical Background

The islands of Tuvalu were first inhabited by Polynesians around 3,000 years ago. European contact began in the 16th century, and the islands gradually came under British influence. In 1892, the Ellice Islands became part of the British protectorate of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands.

During World War II, the islands served as a base for Allied forces. In 1978, Tuvalu gained independence from the United Kingdom, becoming a constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth.

4.2 Geography and Environment

Tuvalu’s nine atolls are scattered over a vast expanse of ocean, posing challenges for transportation and communication. The islands are characterized by sandy beaches, coconut palms, and limited freshwater resources.

The low elevation of Tuvalu makes it highly susceptible to coastal erosion, flooding, and saltwater intrusion. Climate change poses an existential threat to the nation, as rising sea levels could eventually submerge the islands.

4.3 Economy and Livelihoods

Tuvalu’s economy is primarily based on subsistence agriculture, fishing, and remittances from overseas workers. The country has limited natural resources and relies heavily on foreign aid.

The government has sought to diversify the economy through tourism, offshore financial services, and the sale of internet domain names. However, these efforts have been hampered by Tuvalu’s remote location and vulnerability to climate change.

4.4 Culture and Society

Tuvaluan culture is deeply rooted in Polynesian traditions, with a strong emphasis on community, family, and respect for elders. The Tuvaluan language is spoken by most residents, and English is also widely used.

Traditional music, dance, and handicrafts play an important role in Tuvaluan society. The islands are known for their intricate woven mats and handicrafts made from coconut fibers and shells.

4.5 Climate Change and the Future

Climate change poses a grave threat to Tuvalu’s future. Rising sea levels, increased storm intensity, and ocean acidification are already impacting the islands.

The government of Tuvalu has been a vocal advocate for international action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the impacts of climate change. The country has also explored options for relocating its population if the islands become uninhabitable.

5. San Marino: An Ancient Republic Enclaved by Italy

San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino, is a landlocked microstate enclaved within Italy. Situated on the slopes of Mount Titano, San Marino is one of the world’s oldest republics, claiming to have been founded in 301 AD. With an area of just 24 square miles (61 square kilometers), it is the fifth-smallest country in the world.

5.1 Historical Significance

According to tradition, San Marino was founded by Saint Marinus, a Christian stonemason who fled religious persecution and established a monastic community on Mount Titano. The community gradually developed into an independent republic, governed by elected officials.

San Marino has managed to maintain its independence for over 17 centuries, navigating through periods of political upheaval and foreign intervention. The country’s mountainous terrain and strategic location have contributed to its resilience.

5.2 Governmental Structure

San Marino is a parliamentary republic, with a unique system of co-ruling Captains Regent serving as heads of state. The Captains Regent are elected every six months by the Grand and General Council, the country’s legislature.

The Grand and General Council is composed of 60 members, elected by proportional representation. The Council is responsible for enacting laws, approving budgets, and electing the Captains Regent.

5.3 Economy and Industry

San Marino’s economy is diversified, with key sectors including finance, tourism, manufacturing, and agriculture. The country has a relatively high per capita income and a low unemployment rate.

Tourism is a major industry, attracting visitors with San Marino’s historic landmarks, scenic views, and tax-free shopping. The country also benefits from its close economic ties with Italy.

5.4 Cultural Heritage

San Marino boasts a rich cultural heritage, reflected in its historic architecture, museums, and traditions. The historic center of San Marino and Mount Titano have been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Notable landmarks include the Three Towers of San Marino, medieval fortresses that symbolize the country’s independence. The State Museum of San Marino houses a collection of art, artifacts, and historical documents.

5.5 Relations with Italy

San Marino maintains close political and economic ties with Italy. The two countries share a customs union, and San Marino uses the euro as its currency.

While San Marino is independent, Italy provides essential services such as law enforcement, healthcare, and postal services. The two countries cooperate on a range of issues, including border control, environmental protection, and cultural exchange.

6. Liechtenstein: A Doubly Landlocked Alpine Principality

Liechtenstein, officially the Principality of Liechtenstein, is a doubly landlocked microstate located in the Alps between Switzerland and Austria. With an area of just over 62 square miles (160 square kilometers), it is the sixth-smallest country in the world. Known for its stunning mountain scenery, prosperous economy, and unique political system, Liechtenstein offers a blend of tradition and modernity.

6.1 Historical Context

Liechtenstein’s history dates back to the medieval era, when the region was ruled by various noble families. In 1719, the Principality of Liechtenstein was established, named after the ruling Liechtenstein family.

Liechtenstein remained part of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806. The principality joined the German Confederation in 1815 but maintained its neutrality throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.

6.2 Governmental Structure

Liechtenstein operates as a constitutional monarchy, with the Prince of Liechtenstein serving as head of state. The Prince exercises significant executive power, including the right to veto legislation.

The Landtag, Liechtenstein’s parliament, is composed of 25 members, elected by proportional representation. The Landtag is responsible for enacting laws, approving budgets, and overseeing the government.

6.3 Economy and Finance

Liechtenstein has a highly developed and diversified economy, with key sectors including finance, manufacturing, and tourism. The country is known for its banking secrecy laws and its status as a tax haven.

Liechtenstein’s economy benefits from its stable political system, skilled workforce, and close economic ties with Switzerland and the European Union. The country has a high per capita income and a low unemployment rate.

6.4 Scenery and Recreation

Liechtenstein’s scenic beauty makes it a popular destination for outdoor activities. The country offers opportunities for hiking, skiing, mountain biking, and other recreational pursuits.

Notable attractions include Vaduz Castle, the official residence of the Prince of Liechtenstein, and the Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein, a museum of modern and contemporary art.

6.5 Relations with Switzerland

Liechtenstein maintains close political and economic ties with Switzerland. The two countries share a customs union, and Liechtenstein uses the Swiss franc as its currency.

Switzerland provides essential services such as defense, foreign representation, and customs administration. The two countries cooperate on a range of issues, including border control, environmental protection, and cultural exchange.

7. Marshall Islands: A Nation of Atolls in the Pacific

The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands, is a Micronesian island country located in the central Pacific Ocean. Comprising 29 atolls and five individual islands, the Marshall Islands are spread across a vast expanse of ocean. With a total land area of approximately 70 square miles (181 square kilometers), it is the seventh-smallest country in the world.

7.1 Historical Perspective

The Marshall Islands were first inhabited by Micronesian peoples thousands of years ago. European contact began in the 16th century, and the islands gradually came under Spanish, German, and Japanese control.

During World War II, the Marshall Islands were the site of intense fighting between the United States and Japan. After the war, the islands became part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, administered by the United States.

7.2 Governmental and Political Framework

In 1986, the Marshall Islands gained independence from the United States, becoming a sovereign nation in free association with the U.S. The U.S. provides financial assistance and defense guarantees to the Marshall Islands.

The Marshall Islands operate as a parliamentary republic, with a President serving as head of state. The Nitijela, the country’s legislature, is composed of 33 members, elected by popular vote.

7.3 Economic Landscape

The Marshall Islands’ economy is heavily reliant on U.S. financial assistance. Other key sectors include fishing, agriculture, and tourism.

The country faces challenges related to its remote location, limited natural resources, and vulnerability to climate change. The government has sought to diversify the economy through offshore financial services and the development of renewable energy resources.

7.4 Cultural Expressions

Marshallese culture is deeply rooted in Micronesian traditions, with a strong emphasis on community, family, and respect for elders. The Marshallese language is spoken by most residents, and English is also widely used.

Traditional music, dance, and handicrafts play an important role in Marshallese society. The islands are known for their intricate woven mats and handicrafts made from coconut fibers and shells.

7.5 Challenges and Opportunities

The Marshall Islands face significant challenges related to climate change, sea-level rise, and the legacy of nuclear testing conducted by the United States in the 1940s and 1950s.

The country has been a vocal advocate for international action to address climate change and to provide compensation to victims of nuclear testing. The Marshall Islands also offer opportunities for tourism, fishing, and the development of renewable energy resources.

8. Saint Kitts and Nevis: A Dual-Island Caribbean Paradise

Saint Kitts and Nevis, officially the Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis, is a dual-island nation located in the Caribbean Sea. With a combined area of approximately 104 square miles (269 square kilometers), it is the eighth-smallest country in the world and the smallest sovereign state in the Americas, both by area and population. Known for its pristine beaches, lush rainforests, and rich history, Saint Kitts and Nevis offers a unique blend of natural beauty and cultural heritage.

8.1 Historical Perspective

Saint Kitts and Nevis were among the first islands in the Caribbean to be colonized by Europeans. Saint Kitts, also known as Saint Christopher, was claimed by both England and France in the 17th century, eventually becoming a British colony.

Nevis, located just a few miles southeast of Saint Kitts, was also colonized by the British. The two islands were united as a single colony in the 19th century and gained independence in 1983.

8.2 Political System

Saint Kitts and Nevis operate as a parliamentary democracy within the Commonwealth. The British monarch is represented by a Governor-General, and executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and Cabinet.

The National Assembly, the country’s legislature, is composed of elected representatives from both Saint Kitts and Nevis. Nevis has a significant degree of autonomy, with its own legislative assembly and the right to secede from the federation.

8.3 Economy and Tourism

Saint Kitts and Nevis’s economy is driven primarily by tourism, agriculture, and financial services. The islands are known for their luxury resorts, pristine beaches, and historic plantations.

The government has sought to diversify the economy through the development of offshore financial services and the promotion of sustainable tourism practices.

8.4 Cultural Landscape

The culture of Saint Kitts and Nevis is a blend of African, European, and Caribbean influences. The islands are known for their vibrant music, dance, and festivals.

The annual Saint Kitts and Nevis National Carnival is a major cultural event, showcasing the islands’ rich heritage and traditions. The islands are also known for their cuisine, which features fresh seafood, tropical fruits, and local spices.

8.5 Points of Interest

Saint Kitts and Nevis offer a variety of attractions for visitors, including:

  • Brimstone Hill Fortress National Park: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Brimstone Hill Fortress is a historic fort that offers stunning views of the Caribbean Sea.
  • Nevis Peak: The highest point on Nevis, Nevis Peak is a dormant volcano that offers challenging hiking trails and panoramic views.
  • Frigate Bay: A popular beach resort area on Saint Kitts, Frigate Bay offers a variety of water sports, restaurants, and nightlife options.
  • Pinney’s Beach: A pristine beach on Nevis, Pinney’s Beach is known for its soft sand, clear water, and stunning views of Saint Kitts.

9. Seychelles: An Archipelago of Tropical Beauty

Seychelles, officially the Republic of Seychelles, is an archipelago nation located in the Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar. Comprising 115 islands, Seychelles is known for its pristine beaches, lush tropical vegetation, and diverse marine life. With a total land area of approximately 107 square miles (277 square kilometers), it is the ninth-smallest country in the world and the smallest African country.

9.1 Historical Context

Seychelles were uninhabited until the 18th century, when they were settled by French colonists. The islands later came under British control and gained independence in 1976.

Seychelles’ history is marked by a mix of European, African, and Asian influences, reflected in its diverse culture and cuisine.

9.2 Political Structure

Seychelles operate as a presidential republic, with a President serving as head of state and head of government. The National Assembly, the country’s legislature, is composed of elected representatives.

Seychelles has a multi-party political system, and elections are held regularly. The country has made significant progress in promoting democracy, human rights, and good governance.

9.3 Economy and Tourism

Seychelles’ economy is heavily reliant on tourism, which accounts for a significant portion of its GDP. The islands are known for their luxury resorts, pristine beaches, and diverse marine ecosystems.

The government has sought to diversify the economy through the development of fishing, agriculture, and financial services. Seychelles are also a leader in marine conservation, with a significant portion of its waters designated as protected areas.

9.4 Natural Treasures

Seychelles are renowned for their natural beauty, with pristine beaches, lush rainforests, and unique geological formations. The islands are home to a diverse array of plant and animal species, many of which are found nowhere else in the world.

Notable attractions include:

  • Anse Source d’Argent: A stunning beach on La Digue Island, Anse Source d’Argent is known for its granite boulders, white sand, and turquoise water.
  • Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve: A UNESCO World Heritage Site on Praslin Island, Vallée de Mai is home to the coco de mer palm, a unique species found only in Seychelles.
  • Aldabra Atoll: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Aldabra Atoll is one of the largest coral atolls in the world, home to a diverse array of marine life, including giant tortoises, sea turtles, and seabirds.

9.5 Conservation Efforts

Seychelles are committed to protecting their natural environment and promoting sustainable tourism practices. The government has implemented a range of conservation measures, including the establishment of marine protected areas, the promotion of eco-tourism, and the implementation of strict environmental regulations.

Seychelles’ efforts to protect their natural heritage have been recognized internationally, and the islands are considered a model for sustainable development in small island states.

10. Maldives: A Tropical Paradise Threatened by Rising Seas

The Maldives, officially the Republic of Maldives, is an island nation located in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Sri Lanka and India. Comprising 26 atolls and over 1,000 coral islands, the Maldives are renowned for their pristine beaches, crystal-clear waters, and vibrant coral reefs. With a total land area of approximately 115 square miles (298 square kilometers), it is the tenth-smallest country in the world. However, its low elevation makes it extremely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and rising sea levels.

10.1 Historical Context

The Maldives have a rich history, dating back thousands of years. The islands were initially inhabited by people from South Asia and were later influenced by Arab traders and travelers.

The Maldives converted to Islam in the 12th century and have been an Islamic nation ever since. The islands were a British protectorate for much of the 19th and 20th centuries and gained independence in 1965.

10.2 Governance and Politics

The Maldives operate as a presidential republic, with a President serving as head of state and head of government. The People’s Majlis, the country’s legislature, is composed of elected representatives.

The Maldives have experienced periods of political instability in recent years but have made progress in strengthening democratic institutions and promoting human rights.

10.3 Tourism and Economy

The Maldives’ economy is heavily reliant on tourism, which accounts for a significant portion of its GDP. The islands are known for their luxury resorts, pristine beaches, and world-class diving and snorkeling opportunities.

The government has sought to diversify the economy through the development of fishing, agriculture, and financial services. The Maldives are also exploring renewable energy resources to reduce their reliance on imported fossil fuels.

10.4 Natural Beauty

The Maldives are renowned for their natural beauty, with pristine beaches, crystal-clear waters, and vibrant coral reefs. The islands are home to a diverse array of marine life, including colorful fish, sea turtles, and manta rays.

Notable attractions include:

  • Baa Atoll: A UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, Baa Atoll is home to a diverse array of marine life, including manta rays, whale sharks, and coral reefs.
  • Addu Atoll: The southernmost atoll in the Maldives, Addu Atoll is known for its historic World War II sites, pristine beaches, and vibrant coral reefs.
  • Male: The capital city of the Maldives, Male is a bustling urban center with a mix of modern and traditional architecture.

10.5 Threat of Climate Change

The Maldives are among the countries most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and rising sea levels. The islands’ low elevation makes them susceptible to coastal erosion, flooding, and saltwater intrusion.

The government of the Maldives has been a vocal advocate for international action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the impacts of climate change. The country has also explored options for relocating its population if the islands become uninhabitable.

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